Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N = 261)
| Participant Characteristics | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Antenatal visit at enrollment | |
| First | 198 (75.9) |
| Second | 36 (13.8) |
| Third | 7 (2.7) |
| Fourth or more | 20 (7.7) |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 26 (23.0–30.0) |
| Age group | |
| 15–19 | 20 (7.7) |
| 20–29 | 161 (61.7) |
| 30–39 | 77 (29.5) |
| 40–49 | 3 (1.2) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 225 (86.2) |
| Single | 36 (13.8) |
| Education level | |
| Informal | 4 (1.5) |
| Primary | 59 (22.6) |
| Secondary | 151 (57.9) |
| Tertiary | 47 (18.0) |
| Occupational status | |
| Unemployed | 119 (45.6) |
| Business | 80 (30.7) |
| Professional | 34 (13.0) |
| Skilled worker | 24 (9.2) |
| Unskilled worker | 4 (1.5) |
| Smoking status | |
| Former | 1 (0.4) |
| Never | 260 (99.6) |
| Alcohol usage | |
| Current | 29 (11.1) |
| Former | 38 (14.6) |
| Never | 194 (74.3) |
| Family history of diabetes | |
| No | 218 (83.5) |
| Yes | 43 (16.5) |
| Residence | |
| Urban | 217 (84.4) |
| Rural | 40 (15.6) |
| HIV status | |
| Negative | 248 (95.0) |
| Positive | 13 (5.0) |
| BCG scar | |
| Yes | 177 (67.8) |
| No | 84 (32.2) |
| Family history of TB | |
| No | 232 (88.9) |
| Yes | 29 (11.1) |
| TB contact | |
| No | 244 (93.5) |
| Yes | 17 (6.5) |
| Crowding index | |
| ≤4 household occupants | 196 (75.1) |
| ≥5 household occupants | 65 (24.9) |
| Gravidity | |
| Primigravida | 89 (34.1) |
| Multigravida | 154 (59.0) |
| Grand multigravida | 18 (6.9) |
| Previous abortion | |
| No | 217 (83.1) |
| Yes | 44 (16.9) |
| Gestational age at enrollment, wk, median (IQR) | 26 (20–31) |
| Trimester at enrollment | |
| 1 | 1 (0.4) |
| 2 | 258 (98.9) |
| 3 | 2 (0.8) |
| Anthropometry, median (IQR) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (23.7–31.4) |
| Waist-hip ratio, cm | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
| Blood pressure at enrollment, median (IQR) | |
| Systolic, mm Hg | 122.5 (114.0–131.0) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 76.5 (71.5–84.0) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis.