Table 1.

Code definitions in order of user frequency

Code	Definition	Frequency (# of users that had each code)
Sources of family conflict during stay-at-home-orders from the perspectives of youth
Caregiver not properly addressing child mental health needs	Any reference to one’s caregiver not allowing child to get the help they need for their mental health concerns or not taking their mental health symptoms seriously	25
Escalating abuse of children during lockdown	Any reference to abuse of children initiating or escalating due to stay at home orders	24
Conflict around leisure time activities	Any reference to conflict in the home due to how the child spends time outside of virtual school	20
Heightened tensions due to close proximity	Any reference to sheltering-in-place or lockdown procedures increasing time spent with individuals inside of the home, causing tension or conflict	15
Increased exposure to substance use in the home	Any reference to caregiver or sibling substance use creating conflict or harm during lockdown	14
School expectations and enforcement	Any reference to abuse or conflict initiation or escalation as punishment for school-related “failures” or enforcement	13
Conflict related to caregiver mental health concerns	Any reference to conflict stemming from caregiver mental health issues or symptoms	12
Conflict related to youth externalizing behaviors	Any reference to family conflict rt behaviors caregivers may deem as “acting out” (i.e. child substance use, emotional outbursts, sneaking out, sexual endeavors)	10
Witnessing violence in the home	Any reference to abuse of other family members initiating or escalating due to stay at home orders	9
Chores and household obligations	Any reference to conflict in the home occuring related to chores or the child not fulfilling household obligations	7
Impact of family conflict during stay-at-home orders on youth
The need to find new ways to cope at home	Any reference to needing to learn new coping strategies or skills to deal with conflict in the home	37
Difficulties finding escape	Any reference to it being difficult to find mental or physical escapes from abuse or conflict due to the lockdown	23
Lack of access to technology to communicate	Any reference to a child being unable to communicate with people outside of the home due to lack of access to a computer, phone, or other means of virtual communication	21
Challenges with telephone reporting	Any reference to challenges reporting abuse via trrereewtelephone	20
Inability to see people outside of the home	Any reference to being unable to see people outside the home that would typically intervene or provide support in in abuse/ conflict situations	19
Decline of child mental health	Any time a child references their mental health has declined since COVID started	18
Fears of abuse or violence escalation	Any reference to a child feeling scared, fearful, or afraid of abuse or violence escalation	18
Technological isolation as an abuse tactic	Any reference to a parent restricting or limiting a child’s technology use to either isolate the individual or keep the conflict within the home	17
Inability to have candid discussions at home	Any reference to difficulties having private conversations with family members or professional supports due to close proximity to others in the home	17
Lack of availability of professional supports	Any reference to typical mental health or violence supports being unavailable or difficult to access due to COVID	16
Inability to access safe places	Any reference to previously safe places being no longer available to turn to due to the pandemic	12
Separation from typical support people	Any reference to a loved one or responsible adult being unable to be near children due to risk of infection or sheltering-in-place	10