Fig. 3.4.

Directed differentiation of hPSCs to beta-like cells in a dish. Based largely on knowledge gleaned from animal models of pancreas development, the stepwise addition of chemicals and small molecules to human pluripotent stem cells leads to the activation and inhibition of many of the cell signaling pathways required for differentiation into insulin-producing beta-like cells. A selection of the critical transcription factors expressed at each stage is noted underneath each time point, noted by day of differentiation and largely corresponds to the same transcription factors found at similar stages of mouse development (Fig. 3.3)