Table 2.
Two-Week Exposure to IQOS Aerosols or CS Augments Inflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Profile in the Bronchoalveolar Fluid
| Cytokine/ chemokine (pg/mL) | Air | IQOS | CS |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-2 | 1.19 ± 0.14 | 2.79 ± 0.28*** | 2.32 ± 0.21** |
| IFN-γ | 24.60 ± 4.94 | 72.53 ± 12.02** | 54.92 ± 9.14 |
| TNF-α | 32.87 ± 18.50 | 157.94 ± 32.64* | 147.15 ± 31.13* |
| IL-6 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.088 | 1.06 ± 0.11* |
| IL-9 | 26.50 ± 4.10 | 133.35 ± 14.18**** | 136.36 ± 15.42**** |
| IL-13 | 21.50 ± 3.76 | 43.62 ± 2.75*** | 27.91 ± 2.39** |
| IL-5 | 1.48 ± 0.25 | 3.84 ± 0.37*** | 2.74 ± 0.14* |
| IL-17A | 4.22 ± 1.29 | 8.94 ± 1.68 | 6.98 ± 1.60 |
| G-CSF | 9.25 ± 1.94 | 8.71 ± 0.99 | 15.92 ± 1.91* ,† |
| RANTES | 13.39 ± 2.79 | 44.31 ± 6.12* | 30.12 ± 3.62* |
| KC | 83.29 ± 14.54 | 352.6 ± 53.11*** | 284.27 ± 29.75* |
| Eotaxin | 83.38 ± 19.77 | 386.81 ± 62.90*** | 257.45 ± 28.22* |
| MIP-1α | 11.16 ± 1.82 | 18.61 ± 3.04 | 32.27 ± 5.11** ,† |
| MIP-1β | 17.51 ± 5.52 | 121.08 ± 31.55* | 141.13 ± 33.29* |
Levels of various inflammation-associated cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar of mice after 2 wk of exposure to air, IQOS aerosols, or CS were quantified by Bio-Plex Pro Mouse Cytokine 23-plex Assay (Bio-Rad USA; Cat # M60009RDPD) as described in Materials and Methods. Data are mean ± SE. In each experiment, n = 10 mice were used.
*p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .001, ****p ≤ .0001, IQOS and CS versus air, or †p ≤ .05, IQOS versus CS. Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test comparisons by GraphPad Prism 8 software (GraphPad, La Jolla, CA).