Extended Data Figure 6: Associations of the Mediterranean diet index and its components with metagenomic enzymes.

Colors of the heatmap are in correspondence to the beta coefficient for dietary variables from linear mixed models in MaAsLin 2 with metagenomic enzymes as outcomes. All models included each participant’s identifier as random effects and simultaneously adjusted for total energy intake, age, physical activity level, smoking, probiotic use, uses of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, statins, aspirin and metformin, and Bristol stool scale. Statistical significance is from the linear mixed model with multiple comparison adjustment using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to calculate q-values (false discovery rate adjusted p-value, exact q-values in Source Data). These analyses were based on 925 metagenomes collected from 307 participants. All the statistical tests were two-sided.