Table 2.

Summary of randomized controlled trials after treatment

Study (year)	N	Cohort, settinga	Baseline CVD	Timing after treatments	Modality, intensity, frequency, duration	Cardiovascular outcomes	Protocol adherence LTF %
Courneya et al. (2003) (51)	53	Breast cancer patients: AT, UC	NR	14 months after CT	CE	VO2p	NR
					70–75% VO2	AT: 15% increase	LTF: 6%
					3 days/weeks	UC: NC
					15 weeks	P < 0.001
Thorsen et al. (2005) (42)	139	Breast, gynecological, lymphoma, testicular cancer: unsupervised AT, UC	NR	30 days after therapy	TM, CE, skiing	VO2p	NR
					13–15 Borg Score	AT and UC:	LTF: 20%
					3 days/weeks	P = NS
					15 weeks
Daley et al. (2007) (29)	108	Breast cancer patients: AT, UC	None	Post therapy	1:1 specialized AT	Aerobic fitness score AT versus UC	77%
					65–85% max HR	P = 0.002	NR
					3 days/week
					8 weeks
Courneya et al. (2013) (32)	301	Breast cancer patients: AT, high dose AT, UC	None	Post-treatment	CE, ET, TM, row	High dose AT superior to AT and UC	NR NR
					55–75% VO2	P = 0.03
					3 days/week
					Ending 3–4 post-CT
Jones et al. (2014) (44)	90	HF patients with cancer: 3 months supervised + 4–12 months unsupervised AT, UC	HTN: 94%	Post-HF therapy	CE, TM	VO2p	NR
			DM: 38%		60–70% HRR	AT: 4%	LTF: 14%
			HF: 100%		4 days/week	Increase
					52 weeks	UC: 6% increase
						P = NS
Jones et al. (2014) (52)	50	Prostate cancer patients: AT, UC	HTN: 54%	75 days after therapy	TM	VO2p	79%
			HPL: 60%		55–100% speed at VO2p	AT: 9%	LTF: 8%
			DM: 16%		5 days/week	UC: 1%
			CVD: 8%		24 weeks	P < 0.05
			Low CRF: 100%
Rogers et al. (2015) (41)	222	Breast cancer patients: supervised or unsupervised AT, UC	HTN: 11%	54 months after therapy	CE, ET, TM	VO2p	NR
					40–59% HRR	AT: 12% increase	LTF: 2%
					3–5 days/week	UC: 10% increase
					12 weeks	P = NS
Adams et al. (2017) (43)	63	Testicular cancer patients: supervised AT, UC	Obese: 21%	8 years after therapy	TM	VO2p	98%
			Pre-HTN: 19%		75–95% VO2p	AT: 11%	LTF: 3%
			Metabolic syndrome: 19%		3 days/week	Increase
					12 weeks	UC: NC
			Mild carotid plaque: 57%			Carotid intima-media thickness:
			Moderate-severe carotid plaque: 24%
						AT: 7% increase in thickness
						UC: NC
						Carotid distensibility:
						AT: 16% increase
						UC: NC
						Framingham risk score:
						AT: 0.5% increase
						UC: NC
						P < 0.01
Scott et al. (2020) (46)	174	Postmenopausal breast cancer patients: LET, NLET, AC	Impaired VO2p	2.8 years after therapy		VO2p	Intention-to-treat analysis, regardless of adherence
						LET: 0.6 ± 1.7 mLO2/kg·min
						NLET: 0.8 ± 1.8mLO2/kg·min → both compared to AC
						P = 0.05

Bold value indicates statistically significant of P values.

AC, attention control: Control group; AT, aerobic training; CE, cycle ergometer; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; CT, chemotherapy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes; ET, elliptical training; HPL, hyperlipidemia; HR, hazard ratio; HRR, Heart rate reserve; HTN, hypertension; LET, linear, fixed-dose regimen; LTF, lost to follow up; NC, no change; NLET, nonlinear, variable dose regimen; NR, not reported; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RM, resistance maximum; RT, resistance training; TM, treadmill; UC, usual care; VO₂p, peak oxygen consumption; XRT, radiation therapy.

^aSupervised unless otherwise stated.