Table 2.

Association of food rich in dietary fiber and estimated bone mineral density

	All		Women		Men		P interaction
	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P
Model 1
Bread intake	–0.0002 (0.0000)	1.10 × 10–6	–0.0002 (0.0000)	4.20 × 10–5	–0.0001 (0.0000)	1.40 × 10–1	2.80 × 10–3
Cereal intake	0.0018 (0.0001)	3.70 × 10–70	0.0013 (0.0001)	2.60 × 10–26	0.0025 (0.0002)	2.00 × 10–51	1.80 × 10–15
Dried fruit intake	0.0013 (0.0002)	4.90 × 10–15	0.0013 (0.0002)	7.50 × 10–10	0.0016 (0.0003)	6.20 × 10–9	1.60 × 10–3
Fresh fruit intake	0.0025 (0.0002)	5.50 × 10–41	0.0018 (0.0002)	1.20 × 10–16	0.0035 (0.0003)	1.40 × 10–31	1.20 × 10–13
Cooked vegetable intake	0.0005 (0.0002)	4.50 × 10–3	0.0006 (0.0002)	5.40 × 10–3	0.0001 (0.0002)	6.00 × 10–1	2.50 × 10–2
Salad/raw vegetable intake	0.0005 (0.0001)	2.10 × 10–4	0.0002 (0.0002)	2.80 × 10–1	0.0007 (0.0002)	1.90 × 10–3	3.20 × 10–2
Dietary fiber (1 SD)
Fibre scorea	0.0047 (0.0003)	1.10 × 10–54	0.0036 (0.0004)	1.40 × 10–21	0.0061 (0.0005)	1.40 × 10–38	2.00 × 10–13
Bread fiber	0.0008 (0.0003)	6.60 × 10–3	0.0002 (0.0004)	5.40 × 10–1	0.0017 (0.0004)	1.80 × 10–5	1.20 × 10–3
Cereal fiber	0.0039 (0.0003)	1.70 × 10–44	0.0027 (0.0003)	1.50 × 10–16	0.0054 (0.0005)	6.60 × 10–33	1.20 × 10–8
Dried fruit fiber	0.0024 (0.0003)	4.90 × 10–15	0.0023 (0.0004)	7.50 × 10–10	0.0028 (0.0005)	6.20 × 10–9	1.60 × 10–3
Fresh fruit fiber	0.0040 (0.0003)	5.50 × 10–41	0.0029 (0.0004)	1.20 × 10–16	0.0057 (0.0005)	1.40 × 10–31	1.20 × 10–13
Cooked vegetable fiber	0.0009 (0.0003)	4.50 × 10–3	0.0011 (0.0004)	5.40 × 10–3	0.0003 (0.0005)	6.00 × 10–1	2.50 × 10–2
Salad/raw vegetable fiber	0.0011 (0.0003)	2.10 × 10–4	0.0004 (0.0004)	2.80 × 10–1	0.0016 (0.0005)	1.90 × 10–3	3.20 × 10–2
Dietary fiberb	0.0021 (0.0005)	5.90 × 10–5	0.0008 (0.0007)	2.00 × 10–1	0.0038 (0.0008)	4.20 × 10–6	8.10 × 10–5
Model 2
Bread intake	–0.0001 (0.0000)	9.10 × 10–5	–0.0002 (0.0001)	1.30 × 10–3	0.0000 (0.0000)	3.60 × 10–1	7.60 × 10–3
Cereal intake	0.0013 (0.0001)	2.00 × 10–35	0.0010 (0.0001)	1.90 × 10–15	0.0016 (0.0002)	2.90 × 10–23	4.00 × 10–14
Dried fruit intake	0.0009 (0.0002)	1.20 × 10–7	0.0009 (0.0002)	8.90 × 10–6	0.0011 (0.0003)	9.40 × 10–5	5.60 × 10–4
Fresh fruit intake	0.0017 (0.0002)	1.70 × 10–19	0.0012 (0.0002)	2.10 × 10–8	0.0025 (0.0003)	3.20 × 10–16	3.80× 10–13
Cooked vegetable intake	0.0001 (0.0002)	3.70 × 10–1	0.0003 (0.0002)	1.90 × 10–1	–0.0002 (0.0002)	4.80 × 10–1	1.30 × 10–2
Salad/raw vegetable intake	0.0003 (0.0001)	7.30 × 10–2	0.0000 (0.0002)	8.90 × 10–1	0.0004 (0.0002)	1.40 × 10–1	9.90 × 10–2
Dietary fiber (1 SD)
Fibre scorea	0.0031 (0.0003)	1.40 × 10–24	0.0024 (0.0004)	3.40 × 10–10	0.0041 (0.0005)	8.60 × 10–18	1.10 × 10–13
Bread fiber	0.0004 (0.0003)	1.40 × 10–1	0.0001 (0.0004)	7.70 × 10–1	0.0012 (0.0004)	4.40 × 10–3	2.10 × 10–3
Cereal fiber	0.0028 (0.0003)	2.70 × 10–23	0.0021 (0.0003)	7.70 × 10–10	0.0037 (0.0005)	4.70 × 10–16	7.80 × 10–8
Dried fruit fiber	0.0016 (0.0003)	1.20 × 10–7	0.0016 (0.0004)	8.90 × 10–6	0.0019 (0.0005)	9.40 × 10–5	5.60 × 10–4
Fresh fruit fiber	0.0027 (0.0003)	1.70 × 10–19	0.0020 (0.0004)	2.10 × 10–8	0.0040 (0.0005)	3.20 × 10–16	3.80 × 10–13
Cooked vegetable fiber	0.0003 (0.0003)	3.70 × 10–1	0.0005 (0.0004)	1.90 × 10–1	–0.0003 (0.0005)	4.80 × 10–1	1.30 × 10–2
Salad/raw vegetable fiber	0.0006 (0.0003)	7.30 × 10–2	–0.0001 (0.0004)	8.90 × 10–1	0.0008 (0.0005)	1.40 × 10–1	9.90 × 10–2
Dietary fiberb	0.0017 (0.0006)	5.40 × 10–3	0.0008 (0.0008)	2.70 × 10–1	0.0025 (0.0009)	8.50 × 10–3	7.20 × 10–5

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, assessment center, and BMI.

Model 2 was further adjusted for deprivation status, physical activity (MET-h/week), smoking status (never, previous, current), alcohol intake (never, previous, current), dietary calcium intake, dietary vitamin D intake, and total energy intake.

^a Fiber score was calculated according the questions on fruit, vegetables, bread, and breakfast cereal. The unit for food intake was times/day. The unit for total and subgroup dietary fiber was g/day.

^b Calculated according to a 24-hour dietary recall of the previous day