Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between patients with elevated and normal MELD-XI score.
| Elevated MELD-XI score | Normal MELD-XI score | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3,429) | (n = 26,652) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Age(years) | 67.5 ± 14.0 | 70.9 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
| Gender(Male)% | 2,330(67.9%) | 16,741(62.8%) | <0.001 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.5(21.0–26.0) | 24.2(21.9–26.6) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension(%) | 3189(92.9%) | 20803(78.1%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes(%) | 1780(51.9%) | 10325(38.7%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation(%) | 345(10.1%) | 3948(14.8%) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease(%) | 1212(35.3%) | 16398(61.5%) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease(%) | 399(11.6%) | 3,477(13.0%) | 0.02 |
| Myocardial infarction(%) | 296(8.6%) | 2,507(9.4%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke(%) | 174(5.1%) | 1,132(4.2%) | 0.025 |
| Chronic kidney disease(%) | 464(13.5%) | 209(0.8%) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease(%) | 297(8.7%) | 1,329(5.0%) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class 2(%) | 1,138(38.0%) | 17,520(70.7%) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class 3(%) | 1,156(38.6%) | 5,707(23.0%) | |
| NYHA class 4(%) | 704(23.5%) | 1,562(6.3%) | |
| Laboratory Measures | |||
| Troponin I(ng/ml) | 0.060(0.027–0.142) | 0.013(0.006–0.034) | <0.001 |
| NT-pro BNP(pg/ml) | 9,167(2,861–28,464) | 369(101–1,446) | <0.001 |
| HDL(mmol/L) | 0.94 ± 0.40 | 1.10 ± 0.37 | <0.001 |
| LDL(mmol/L) | 2.46 ± 1.13 | 2.57 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride(mmol/L) | 1.73 ± 1.47 | 1.51 ± 1.15 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol(mmol/L) | 4.13 ± 1.54 | 4.08 ± 1.19 | 0.049 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.48 ± 4.21 | 4.93 ± 2.89 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin(g/L) | 89.72 ± 24.85 | 127.49 ± 22.41 | <0.001 |
| Platelet(109/L) | 200.64 ± 90.12 | 212.22 ± 80.18 | <0.001 |
| Na+(mmol/L) | 137.11 ± 5.52 | 139.53 ± 4.64 | <0.001 |
| K+(mmol/L) | 4.35 ± 0.82 | 4.05 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
| CRP(mg/L) | 23.1(5.3–78.1) | 12.2(2.81–43.8) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.37 ± 1.38 | 6.64 ± 1.39 | <0.001 |
| D-dimer(mg/L) | 1.58(0.81–3.11) | 0.58(0.30–1.28) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEF | 0.58 ± 0.04 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Left Atrial Diameter(cm) | 4.12(3.60–4.57) | 3.72(3.36–4.21) | <0.001 |
| E/e' | 13.00 (10.00–17.4) | 11.00 (8.83–14.00) | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| ACEIs/ARBs/ARNIs(%) | 1,410(41.2%) | 16,760(63.1%) | <0.001 |
| MRAs(%) | 574(16.8%) | 6,732(25.3%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics(%) | 2,536(74.0%) | 10,279(38.7%) | <0.001 |
| Digoxin(%) | 448(13.1%) | 3,590(13.5%) | 0.481 |
| I.v. inotropes(%) | 568(16.6%) | 4,120(15.5%) | 0.104 |
| Beta-blockers(%) | 1,677(48.0%) | 12,725(47.9%) | 0.246 |
| Lipid-Lowering Agents(%) | 2,283(66.6%) | 17,396(65.5%) | 0.179 |
| Nitrates(%) | 1,128(32.9%) | 8,430(31.7%) | 0.158 |
| Anticoagulants(%) | 1,851(54%) | 14,088(53%) | 0.27 |
BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA class, New York Heart Association class; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; WBC, white blood cell count; CRP, C-reactive protein; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade and neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist.