Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample.
| Cognitively-defined Alzheimer’s disease subgroup |
Reference
groups |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All AD-subgroups | AD-Memory | AD-Executive | AD-Language | AD-Visuospatial | AD-Multiple | AD-No Domains | Normal controls | lvPPA | PCA | |
| N (% of all AD-subgroups) | 679 | 41 (6%) | 117 (17%) | 33 (5%) | 171 (25%) | 86 (13%) | 231 (34%) | 127 | 20 | 69 |
| Age at diagnosis | 66.3 (7.4) | 68.3 (6.6) | 68.0 (6.6) | 64.4 (6.4) | 63.7 (7.3) | 66.8 (7.4) | 66.9 (7.7) | 57.7 (8.8) | 66.9 (5.1) | 62.0 (6.1) |
| Early-onset, % | 282 (42%) | 11 (27%) | 40 (34%) | 17 (52%) | 95 (56%) | 33 (38%) | 86 (37%) | – | 15 (75%) | 19 (28%) |
| Sex, male | 318 (47%) | 17 (42%) | 60 (51%) | 18 (55%) | 79 (46%) | 48 (56%) | 96 (42%) | 53 (42%) | 10 (53%) | 28 (41%) |
| MMSE | 21.2 (5.1) | 23.7 (2.8) | 20.4 (5.5) | 17.2 (5.7) | 22.3 (4.8) | 20.0 (5.1) | 21.5 (4.8) | 28.7 (1.1) | 23.1 (4.1) | 20.2 (4.6) |
| NPI total score | 12.0 (13.8) | 12.4 (12.3) | 13.6 (15.1) | 7.9 (9.4) | 11.6 (13.7) | 8.9 (12.4) | 12.9 (14.3) | 3.9 (8.2) | 6.3 (7.3) | 8.4 (10.1) |
| GDS | 2.8 (2.6) | 2.8 (2.7) | 2.6 (2.6) | 2.4 (2.1) | 3.0 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.7) | 2.8 (2.7) | 2.4 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.7) | 3.3 (2.3) |
| Education, median (IQR)^ | 5 [4–6] | 5 [4–6] | 5 [4–6] | 5 [5–6] | 5 [4–6] | 5 [4–6] | 5 [4–6] | 6 [5–7] | 5 [4–6] | 5 [4–6] |
| APOEε4 positive (%) | 467 (69%) | 37 (90%) | 75 (64%) | 17 (52%) | 113 (66%) | 57 (66%) | 168 (73%) | 40 (32%) | 10 (53%) | 38 (55%) |
| CSF Amyloid-β in pg/ml | 504 (1 1 3) | 530 (119) | 498 (114) | 476 (108) | 499 (114) | 492 (111) | 516 (111) | 984 (195) | 546 (106) | |
| CSF Total tau in pg/ml | 734 (426) | 829 (431) | 697 (419) | 781 (438) | 735 (419) | 681 (359) | 748 (457) | 229 (94) | 741 (347) | 735 (275) |
| CSF P-tau in pg/ml | 90 (39) | 103 (37) | 87 (38) | 96 (43) | 89 (36) | 85 (37) | 91 (43) | 44 (16) | 88 (32) | 93 (34) |
| Total GM to ICV ratio | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.37 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.04) | 0.37 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.44 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.03) |
Values depicted are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise indicated. All pairwise differences between groups are displayed in Table A. 4. APOE – Apolipoprotein E, GDS – Geriatric depression scale, NPI – Neuropsychiatric inventory, GM – gray matter, P-tau – phosphorylated tau, ICV-intracranial volume.
^ - Assessed using the qualitative Dutch Verhage scale (Table A9).