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. 2021 May 25;9:633180. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633180

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Copyright © 2021 Navarro, Bariani, Yang and Al-Hendy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of uterine fibroids (UFs) on heavy menstrual bleeding. The presence of UFs causes alterations in the endometrial vascular architecture and function, contributing to increased and prolonged menstrual bleeding. UFs influence the production of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, VEGFA, ET-1, EGF, and PDGF, among others, which support increased angiogenesis. EGF, epidermal growth factor; ET-1, endothelin 1; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor A.