Table 1. Patient demographics and clinical data of the three study groups defined by the BMI range.
| Variable | Low BMI group (<18.5 kg/m2) (n = 103) | Normal BMI group (18.5≤ BMI <25.0 kg/m2) (n = 314) | High BMI group (≥25.0 kg/m2) (n = 131) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 16.8†,‡(15.7–17.6) | 21.9‡(20.2–23.1) | 27.5 (26.0–30.0) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 79.0‡ (68–86) | 75.5‡ (64–83) | 70.0 (61–79) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 63 (61.2) | 199 (63.4) | 83 (63.4) | 0.92 |
| Pre-existing conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (11.7) | 42 (13.4) | 19 (14.5) | 0.82 |
| Stroke | 17 (16.5) | 48 (15.3) | 12 (9.2) | 0.173 |
| COPD | 7 (6.8) | 9 (2.9) | 3 (2.3) | 0.117 |
| Autoimmune disease | 4 (3.9) | 17 (5.4) | 8 (6.1) | 0.74 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (1.0) | 11 (3.5) | 6 (4.6) | 0.29 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21‡(20.4) | 95 (30.3) | 48 (36.6) | 0.026 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (6.8) | 34 (10.8) | 14 (10.7) | 0.48 |
| Malignancy | 13 (12.6) | 32 (10.2) | 12 (9.2) | 0.68 |
| Medications before admission, n (%) | ||||
| Steroids | 10 (9.7) | 40 (12.7) | 19 (14.5) | 0.54 |
| Immunosuppressant drugs | 2 (1.9) | 11 (3.5) | 9 (6.9) | 0.128 |
| Statins | 10 (9.7) | 46 (14.6) | 23 (17.6) | 0.23 |
| Anti-platelets | 16 (15.5) | 59 (18.8) | 20 (15.3) | 0.56 |
| β-blockers | 14 (13.6) | 30 (9.6) | 18 (13.7) | 0.33 |
| Severity | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.75 (2.08–4.03) | 2.80 (2.05–4.40) | 2.50 (1.70–4.30) | 0.23 |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 60 (58.3) | 158‡(50.3) | 84 (64.1) | 0.027 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 20 (15–26) | 20(15–26) | 19 (14–27) | 0.83 |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 7 (5.0–11.0) | 8 (5.0–11.0) | 8 (5.0–11.5) | 0.47 |
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
†: vs. normal BMI group, ‡: vs. high BMI group.
† and ‡: p-values <0.016 for multiple comparisons (after Bonferroni correction) were considered statistically significant.