TABLE 2.
Statistics for the Tests Given to Both Groups
| Measure | Pre-score (Sham; Active) M (SD) | Post-score (Sham; Active) M (SD) | Time Point | Adjusted Mean Difference | 95% CI | F (df) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Aphasia Battery—Revised | ||||||||
| Aphasia Quotient | 65.1 (26.7); 79.2 (15.4) | 65.6 (27.3); 80.2 (16.8) | F1 | 0.43 | −2.2 – 3.1 | 0.12 (1,20) | 0.74 | 0.006 |
| 66.6 (26.8); 82.3 (15.6) | F2 | 1.9 | −0.76 – 4.5 | 2.19 (1,20) | 0.15 | 0.099 | ||
| Spontaneous Speech | 12.3 (6.4); 16.0 (3.6) | 12.3 (6.3); 16.2 (3.6) | F1 | 0.5 | −0.54 – 1.3 | 0.78 (1,20) | 0.39 | 0.038 |
| 12.7 (6.1), 16.5 (3.4) | F2 | 0.4 | −0.67 – 1.5 | 0.62 (1,20) | 0.44 | 0.03 | ||
| Auditory Verbal Comprehension | 8.1 (1.8); 8.5 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.9); 8.3 (2.0) | F1 | 0.025 | −0.51 – 0.56 | 0.01 (1,20) | 0.92 | 0.00047 |
| 8.1 (1.9); 8.7 (1.5) | F2 | 0.22 | −0.18 – 0.61 | 1.29 (1,20) | 0.27 | 0.061 | ||
| Repetition | 6.1 (3.0); 7.5 (1.4) | 6.2 (3.1); 7.9 (1.6) | F1 | 0.24 | −0.34 – 0.81 | 0.73 (1,20) | 0.40 | 0.035 |
| 6.2 (3.0); 7.9 (1.7) | F2 | 0.28 | −0.45 – 1.00 | 0.64 (1,20) | 0.43 | 0.031 | ||
| Naming and Word Finding | 6.1 (3.0); 7.6 (1.7) | 6.6 (3.0); 7.8 (2.1) | F1 | −0.2 | −0.81 – 0.42 | 0.44 (1,20) | 0.51 | 0.022 |
| 6.3 (3.0); 8.1 (1.9) | F2 | 0.37 | −0.29 – 1.00 | 1.35 (1,20) | 0.26 | 0.063 | ||
| Picture Description Task | ||||||||
| Mean length of utterance | 4.43 (2.75); 5.58 (2.76) | 4.04 (2.65); 6.05 (2.75) | F1 | 1.2 | −0.03 – 2.4 | 4.15 (1,19) | 0.056 | 0.18 |
| 4.27 (2.41); 5.82 (2.70) | F2 | 0.61 | −0.22 – 1.4 | 2.37 (1,19) | 0.14 | 0.11 | ||
| Speech rate (wpm) | 46.4 (40.1); 67.9 (40.5) | 52.0 (52.6); 68.1 (36.5) | F1 | −0.94 | −24 – 22 | 0.01 (1,19) | 0.93 | 0.00 |
| 41.9 (50.1), 70.1 (42.9) | F2 | 9.6 | −11 – 20 | 0.98 (1,19) | 0.33 | 0.05 | ||
| # of unique real words | 51.5 (45.8); 80.6 (60.0) | 56.5 (63.5); 88.0 (70.6) | F1 | 5.1 | −17 – 27 | 0.24 (1,19) | 0.63 | 0.01 |
| 59.9 (58.0); 94.3 (71.2) | F2 | 1.9 | −12 – 16 | 0.08 (1,19) | 0.78 | 0.00 | ||
| # of unique nouns | 17.5 (14.3); 29.5 (17.6) | 22.2 (19.4), 31.1 (19.6) | F1 | −1.2 | −8.9 – 6.6 | 0.1 (1,19) | 0.76 | 0.01 |
| 21.0 (16.5); 31.7 (17.9) | F2 | −0.009 | −6.3 – 6.3 | 0 (1,19) | 1.00 | 0.00 | ||
| # of unique verbs | 10.2 (7.9); 10.2 (8.4) | 9.8 (11.1); 12.9 (12.2) | F1 | 4.6 | 0.06 – 9.1 | 4.5 (1,19) | 0.05 | 0.19 |
| 13.5 (11.9); 14.9 (13.4) | F2 | 2.3 | −1.9 – 6.5 | 1.29 (1,19) | 0.27 | 0.06 | ||
| # of total words | 103 (116); 186 (163) | 134 (213); 222 (237) | F1 | 22 | −70 – 120 | 0.26 (1,19) | 0.62 | 0.01 |
| 131 (172); 226 (209) | F2 | 9.0 | −51 – 69 | 0.1 (1,19) | 0.76 | 0.01 | ||
| Philadelphia Naming Test | ||||||||
| Philadelphia Naming Test (% accuracy) | 53.6% (39.2); 78.5% (19.2) | 57.1% (39.1); 80.0% (20.3) | F1 | −0.019 | −0.08 – 0.04 | 0.39 (1,20) | 0.54 | 0.02 |
| 56.9% (38.5); 82.7% (16.4) | F2 | 0.021 | −0.034 – 0.076 | 2.19 (1,20) | 0.62 | 0.03 | ||
| Fluency Tasks | ||||||||
| Category fluency (words) | 21.17 (20.57); 33.40 (15.54) | 24.08 (23.07); 35.5 (17.19) | F1 | −2.1 | 5.6 – 1.3 | 1.7 (1,19) | 0.21 | 0.086 |
| 23.42 (22.46); 35.4 (14.58) | F2 | −0.37 | −3.6 – 2.8 | 0.06 (1,19) | 0.81 | 0.003 | ||
| Letter fluency (words) | 9.42 (11.67); 16.00 (13.65) | 10.42 (12.29); 18.90 (16.25) | F1 | 1.8 | −3.2 – 6.9 | 0.58 (1,19) | 0.46 | 0.031 |
| 9.67 (13.32), 17.90 (12.57) | F2 | 2.2 | −2.1 – 6.5 | 1.16 (1,19) | 0.30 | 0.16 | ||
Data are presented as M ± SD unless otherwise noted. Results are shown for measurements immediately following treatment (F1) and at the 3-month follow-up (F2).