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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Stem Cell. 2021 Jun 3;28(6):993–1015. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.008

Figure 1. In vitro models.

Figure 1.

A range of models, from 2D cell culture to organoids and human OOC systems, enable a number of applications for modeling drug toxicity, disease phenotypes, and organ function while balancing the inverse relationship between complexity and throughput. Key: high (checkmark), medium (dash), low (X) frequencies.