Figure 1.

FoxOs are unique master regulators of cellular inflammatory and redox responses. The FoxO family of transcription factors modulates transcriptional expression of numerous genes that are part of the host inflammation mechanism, including several interleukins, chemokines and cytokines. FoxOs also play pivotal roles in the redox homeostasis and immune response. The loss of this intricate regulatory mode of FoxOs may, thus, lead to inefficient oxidative stress response, abnormal immune cell activation and a state of exacerbated inflammation, reminiscent of a ‘cytokine storm’.