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. 2021 Apr 5;46(7):1725–1736. doi: 10.1007/s11064-021-03303-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The effects of GAA on IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and BDNF expression levels in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The protein levels of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c) and BDNF (d) were detected by Western blot. After normalization to the control, data from three independent experiments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Turkey tests and were presented as Mean ± SEM. The protein levels of IL-6 (e) and TNF-α (f) were detected by ELISA assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Turkey tests and were presented as Mean ± SEM. N = 5–6 each group. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01 LPS vs. CON; ^#P < 0.05 LPS + GAA vs. LPS)