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. 2021 Apr 20;64(7):1461–1479. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05442-2

Table 4.

Incretins that target hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism

Drug	Mechanism of action	Mode of administration	Regulatory status	Clinical effect					References
Drug	Mechanism of action	Mode of administration	Regulatory status	Steatosis	Fibrosis markers	Hepatic enzymes	HbA_1c	Insulin resistance	References
Liraglutide	GLP-1RA	SC	Phase IV	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓Related to weight loss	[64, 76, 81]
Semaglutide	GLP-1RA	SC/PO	Phase IV	↓	=	↓	↓	↓Related to weight loss	[65, 77]
Dulaglutide	GLP-1RA	SC	Phase IV	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓Related to weight loss	[73, 74]
Exenatide	GLP-1RA	SC	Phase IV	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓Related to weight loss	[66–71]
Lixisenatide	GLP-1RA	SC	Phase IV	NA	NA	↓	↓	↓Related to weight loss	[72]
Sitagliptin	DPP4 inhibitor	PO	Phase IV	=	=	=	↓	=	[59–62]
Tirzepatide (LY3298176)	GLP-1/GIP agonist	SC	Phase III	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	[84–86]
NNC0090–2746/RG7697	GLP-1/GIP agonist	SC	Phase III- stop	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	[172]
Cotadutide (MEDI0382)	GLP-1/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase II	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	[88, 173]
ZP2929/BI 456906	GLP-1/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase II	↓^a	↓^a	NA	↓^a	↓	[87, 89]
MK-8521	GLP-1/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase II	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	[87]
NN9277; NNC 9204–1177	GLP-1/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase I	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	[87]
EfinopegdutideHM12525A/JNJ-64565111	GLP-1/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase II	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	[87]
HM15211	GLP-1/GIP/glucagon agonist	SC	Phase II	↓^a	↓^a	↓^a	NA	NA	[90, 91]
HM15136	Long-acting glucagon analogue	SC	Phase I	NA	NA	NA	NA	↓	[174]

^aPreclinical data

PO, oral; SC, subcutaneous injection