Table 4.
Association of oral health markers with bottom quartile of energy intake, top quartile of percentage of energy content from saturated fat and low intake of fruits and vegetables in older American men and women aged 71–80 years in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals)
| Top quartile of energy intake (2270–8456 kcal/d (9498–35 380 kJ/d)) (n 678; 25 %) |
Top quartile of % of energy content from saturated fat (11–23 %) (n 678; 25 %) |
Mean fruit and vegetable intake (< 6 portions/d) (n 1789; 58%) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-adjusted OR | 95% CI | Fully adjusted OR* | 95 % CI | Age-adjusted OR | 95% CI | Fully adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Age-adjusted OR | 95 % CI | Fully adjusted OR* | 95% CI | |
| Tooth loss | ||||||||||||
| >21 teeth | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| 15–20 teeth | 1·30 | 0·97, 1·73 | 1·14 | 0·84, 1·54 | 1·38 | 1·04, 1·84 | 1·26 | 0·93, 1·70 | 1·02 | 0·79, 1·31 | 0·94 | 0·71, 1·24 |
| 8–14 teeth | 1·42 | 1·05, 1·93 | 1·20 | 0·86, 1·67 | 1·32 | 0·96, 1·81 | 1·18 | 0·85, 1·65 | 1·31 | 0·99, 1·74 | 1·22 | 0·89, 1·68 |
| 1–7 teeth | 1·70 | 1·19, 2·41 | 1·34 | 0·92, 1·97 | 1·51 | 1·05, 2·17 | 1·32 | 0·90, 1·94 | 0·95 | 0·69, 1·31 | 0·87 | 0·59, 1·27 |
| 0 teeth | 1·53 | 1·08, 2·16 | 1·16 | 0·79, 1·70 | 1·36 | 0·96, 1·95 | 1·08 | 0·73, 1·60 | 1·60 | 1·15, 2·22 | 1·56 | 1·03, 2·34 |
| Periodontal disease % of sites with loss of attachment | ||||||||||||
| > 3 mm | ||||||||||||
| < 20 % | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| > 20 % | 1·20 | 0·90, 1·60 | 1·00 | 0·74, 1·36 | 1·48 | 1·09, 2·01 | 1·48 | 1·09, 2·01 | 1·11 | 0·86, 1·43 | 0·94 | 0·70, 1·25 |
| % of sites with pocket depth | ||||||||||||
| > 3 mm | ||||||||||||
| < 20 % | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| > 20 % | 2·05 | 1·54, 2·72 | 1·75 | 1·29, 2·37 | 1·43 | 1·08, 1·88 | 1·26 | 0·94, 1·69 | 1·09 | 0·85, 1·39 | 1·13 | 0·85, 1·49 |
| Self-rated oral health | ||||||||||||
| Good/excellent | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| Fair/poor | 1·22 | 1·01, 1·46 | 1·00 | 0·81, 1·22 | 0·82 | 0·67, 1·01 | 0·82 | 0·67, 1·01 | 1·19 | 1·00, 1·42 | 1·14 | 0·94, 1·39 |
| Dry mouth | ||||||||||||
| No | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| Yes | 1·13 | 0·73, 1·75 | 1·15 | 0·73, 1·82 | 1·05 | 0·67, 1·66 | 1·05 | 0·67, 1·66 | 0·95 | 0·64, 1·42 | 1·06 | 0·68, 1·67 |
| Cumulative oral health problems† | ||||||||||||
| 0 oral health problems | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | ||||||
| 1 oral health problem | 1·51 | 1·22, 1·88 | 1·33 | 1·06, 1·67 | 1·20 | 0·96, 1·50 | 1·20 | 0·96, 1·50 | 1·09 | 0·91, 1·31 | 1·02 | 0·83, 1·25 |
| 2 oral health problems | 1·48 | 1·11, 1·97 | 1·24 | 0·92, 1·69 | 0·94 | 0·69, 1·28 | 0·94 | 0·69, 1·28 | 1·31 | 1·01, 1·70 | 1·22 | 0·91, 1·62 |
| > 3 oral health problems | 1·83 | 1·30, 2·56 | 1·49 | 1·04, 2·15 | 1·06 | 0·73, 1·52 | 1·06 | 0·73, 1·52 | 1·28 | 0·93, 1·76 | 1·11 | 0·77, 1·60 |
*
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol, history of CVD and diabetes, BMI; for fruits and vegetables, energy intake was added to the model.
†
< 21 remaining teeth dry mouth when eating, any difficulty eating or chewing, limit of food due to gum problems.