Table 4.
Overall associations of urinary phthalate concentrations with hot flashes.
| Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever experiencing hot flashes1 | Experiencing hot flashes in the past 30 days1 | Experiencing daily/weekly or monthly hot flashes2 | Experiencing moderate/severe or mild hot flashes2 | |||
| n | 728 | 635 | 697 | 720 | ||
| Reference | Never experiencing hot flashes | Never experiencing hot flashes | Never experiencing hot flashes | Never experiencing hot flashes | ||
| Exposure3 | Daily/weekly | Monthly | Moderate/severe | Mild | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| MEP | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.1 (0.96, 1.27) | 1.1 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.2) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.3) |
| MBP | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) | 1.1 (0.89, 1.35) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.47) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.16) | 1 (0.81, 1.23) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) |
| MiBP | 0.98 (0.82, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.3) | 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) | 1 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) |
| mCPP | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.76, 1) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) |
| MBzP | 0.95 (0.82, 1.1) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.3) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) |
| MEHP | 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.4) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.9, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) |
| MEHHP | 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.19 (1, 1.43) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 1.09 (0.9, 1.32) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.39) | 1.1 (0.88, 1.36) |
| MEOHP | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.3) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.48) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.23) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) | 1.08 (0.9, 1.31) |
| MECPP | 1.12 (0.97, 1.3) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.54) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.3) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.37) |
| ΣDEHP | 1.13 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.42) | 1.32 (1.08, 1.61) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.3) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.1 (0.89, 1.36) |
| ΣPhthalates | 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 1.19 (0.97, 1.47) |
| ΣPCP | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.22) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.2) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) |
| ΣPlastic | 1.12 (0.95, 1.32) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.43) | 1.38 (1.11, 1.71) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.37) | 1.1 (0.88, 1.38) |
| ΣAA | 1.08 (0.9, 1.31) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) | 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) | 1 (0.79, 1.27) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.39) |
Binary logistic regression models evaluated associations of every 2-fold increase in urinary phthalate concentrations with the odds of ever experiencing and experiencing hot flashes in the last 30 days compared to never having hot flashes.
Multinomial logistic regression models evaluated associations of every 2-fold increase in urinary phthalate concentrations with the odds of experiencing daily/weekly or monthly hot flashes and experiencing moderate/severe hot flashes compared to never experiencing hot flashes. All logistic regression models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, medication use, menopausal status, body mass index, and CESD score. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
ΣDEHP = (MEHP/278) + (MEHHP/294) + (MEOHP/292) + (MECPP/308); ΣPhthalates = (MEP/194) + (MBP/222) + (MiBP/222) + (MEHP/278) + (MEHHP/294) + (MEOHP/292) + (MECPP/308) + (MBzP/256) + (MCPP/252); ΣPCP = (MEP/194) + (MBP/222) + (MiBP/222); ΣPlastic = (MEHHP/294) + (MEHP/278) + (MEOHP/292) + (MECPP/308) + (MCPP/252) + (MBzP/256); ΣAA = (MEHP/278) + (MEHHP/294) + (MEOHP/292) + (MECPP/308) + (MBzP/256) + (MBP/222) + (MiBP/222)