Table 2.
Adjusted† rate ratios and ratios of rate ratios for serious bleeding by object-precipitant drug pair
| Precipitant | RR (95%CI) for precipitant during use of clopidogrel |
RR (95%CI) for precipitant during use of pravastatin |
RRRs (95%CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzodiazepine receptor agonists | Benzodiazepine hypnotics | Estazolam | 1.04 (0.18-5.91) | ND | ND |
| Flurazepam | 0.77 (0.38-1.53) | 0.59 (0.18-2.01) | 1.29 (0.32-5.23) | ||
| Lorazepam | 1.10 (0.92-1.33) | 1.37 (0.82-2.28) | 0.81 (0.47-1.40) | ||
| Temazepam | 1.34 (1.12-1.60) | 1.08 (0.60-1.95) | 1.24 (0.67-2.31) | ||
| Triazolam | 0.84 (0.44-1.61) | 4.73 (1.15-19.52) | 0.18 (0.04-0.85) | ||
| Non-benzodiazepine z-drugs | Eszopiclone | 1.61 (0.92-2.82) | 0.24 (0.02-3.91) | 6.63 (0.39-113.01) | |
| Zaleplon | 1.41 (0.70-2.82) | 0.79 (0.08-8.14) | 1.79 (0.16-20.44) | ||
| Zolpidem | 0.97 (0.85-1.09) | 1.25 (0.89-1.77) | 0.77 (0.53-1.11) | ||
| Melatonin receptor agonist | Ramelteon | 0.88 (0.25-3.11) | ND | ND | |
| Tricyclic antidepressant | Doxepin | 1.03 (0.53-2.00) | 0.94 (0.10-8.60) | 1.10 (0.11-11.01) | |
| Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor/Antagonist | Trazodone | 1.07 (0.82-1.38) | 0.93 (0.49-1.76) | 1.15 (0.58-2.30) | |
CI: confidence interval; ND: not detectable; RR: rate ratio; RRR: ratio of rate ratios
Adjusted for drugs that may increase the risk of serious bleeding on current day or within previous 30 days, drugs that may interact with clopidogrel on current day or within previous 14 or 30 days, drugs that are gastroprotective on current day or within previous 30 days, other hypnotics used within prior 30 days, acute infection on current day or within previous 14 days, ischemic or cerebrovascular disease on current day or ever prior, serious bleeding event ever prior, and long-term care residence on current day or within previous 30 days (more details in Tables A.2 and A.3)