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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2021 Mar 30;64(7):1604–1612. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05446-y

Table 2.

Maternal food consumption in late pregnancy for children participating in the TEDDY study (n=8556)

Maternal food
consumption
(tertile cut-points)
TEDDY—all countries USA Finland Germany Sweden Significant*country
differences





n Mean
(SD)
n Mean
(SD)
n Mean
(SD)
n Mean
(SD)
n Mean
(SD)
Gluten foods (168, 247 g/day) 8399 220 (116) 3574 199 (130) 1767 221 (87) 580 247 (114) 2478 242 (104) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
Non-gluten cereals (30, 64 g/day) 8399 61 (72) 3574 68 (86) 1767 60 (58) 580 44 (52) 2478 56 (59) USA–Ger
Fin–Ger
USA–Swe
Fin–Swe
Ger–Swe
Fresh milk (227, 515 g/day) 8397 415 (335) 3574 436 (333) 1767 482 (344) 579 309 (271) 2477 361 (331) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
Ger–Swe
Sour milk (53, 170 g/day) 8395 135 (146) 3573 92 (115) 1766 223 (176) 579 170 (154) 2477 125 (132) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
Ger–Swe
Cheese products (30, 60 g/day) 8393 53 (50) 3571 55 (53) 1766 75 (58) 579 34 (26) 2477 38 (37) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
Lean or medium-fat fish (4, 14 g/day) 8395 14 (25) 3573 14 (34) 1766 12 (17) 578 17 (20) 2478 14 (15) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
Ger–Swe
Fatty fish (5, 18 g/day) 8397 17 (27) 3573 15 (32) 1767 24 (25) 579 17 (23) 2478 15 (17) USA–Fin
Fin–Ger
USA–Ger
Fin–Swe
USA–Swe
*

p<0.05 for Wilcoxon signed rank test

Fin, Finland; Ger, Germany; Swe, Sweden