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. 2021 Jun 8;12:3424. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23832-3

Fig. 2. IL-6 neutralization enhances T-cell infiltration into GBM tumors and improves animal survival but does not sensitize tumor to immune checkpoint blockade.

Fig. 2

GBM was induced in WT B6 mice, followed by injection with control IgG, anti-IL-6 antibody (Ab), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), or ICIs plus anti-IL-6 Ab. a Schematic approach. b, c Survival and tumor growth analyses (n = 8–12 mice, specific n numbers are shown in the figure). b Mouse survival was monitored for 60 days and subjected to two-sided log-rank Mantel–Cox analysis. MS, median survival. c Tumor volume was analyzed by bioluminescence imaging during days 13–23 (mean ± SEM). Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test. d–g Tumors were excised 2 days after treatment. Tumor-derived single-cell suspensions were stained with antibodies against CD45, d CD3, e CD11b, f CD4, CD8, CD3, and g Ki67, IFN-γ, and CD69, followed by flow cytometry analyses. d Analysis for CD3+ T cells. Left, representative cell sortings. Right, quantified results (n = 6 mice, mean ± SEM). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. e–g Quantified results for immune cells (n = 6 mice, mean ± SEM). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. Source data are provided as a Source data file.