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. 2021 Jun 8;12:3259. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23168-y

Table 2.

Examples of established and emerging sectors in the ocean economy.

Established sectors Emerging sectors
Capture fisheries Marine aquaculture
Seafood processing Deep and ultra-deep-water oil and gas
Shipping Offshore wind energy
Ports Ocean renewable energy
Shipbuilding and repair Marine and seabed mining
Offshore oil and gas Maritime safety and surveillance
Marine manufacturing and construction Marine biotechnology
Maritime and coastal tourism High-tech marine products and services
Marine business services
Marine research and development and education
Dredging

Source: OECD1.