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. 2021 Jun 8;7:21. doi: 10.1038/s41526-021-00149-5

Table 1.

The chilldown efficiencies, ηCD; the percentage increase in ηCD over the base case, 0L; total LN2 consumed for chilldown process, Mcoolant; and percent reduction in LN2 consumption over the base case, 0L, for different coating layers and source pressure.

Pin psig 100 80 60 40 30 Average
0L (no coating)
ηCD (%) 25.57 24.38 27.21 25.72* 25.72* 25.72
Mcoolant (kg) 1.1269 1.1497 0.8938 1.07* 1.07* 1.0621
1L coating
ηCD (%) NA 35.90 36.23 42.77 46.42 40.33
Percentage increase in ηCD (%) NA 47.25 33.15 66.29* 80.40* 56.77
Mcoolant (kg) NA 0.7673 0.7419 0.6146 0.5642 0.672
Percentage reduction in Mcoolant (%) NA 33.26 16.99 42.6* 47.3* 35.04
3L coating
ηCD (%) 55.17 45.07 48.88 62.89 59.77 54.36
Percentage increase in ηCD (%) 115.76 84.86 79.64 144.52* 132.39* 111.43
Mcoolant (kg) 0.5206 0.6147 0.5525 0.4192 0.4376 0.5089
Percentage reduction in Mcoolant (%) 53.80 46.53 38.19 60.8* 59.1* 51.68
4L coating
ηCD (%) 45.14 42.20 45.75 70.87 50.50 50.89
Percentage increase in ηCD (%) 76.54 73.09 68.14 175.54* 96.35* 97.93
Mcoolant (kg) 0.6316 0.6555 0.5964 0.3714 0.5185 0.5547
Percentage reduction in Mcoolant (%) 43.95 42.99 33.27 65.2* 51.5* 47.38