Table 2.
Children’s characteristics at ages 2, 3 and 5–6 years in the EDEN cohorta.
| Sample at age 2 years (n = 1,413)b | Sample at age 3 years (n = 1,216) | Sample at age 5–6 years (n = 1,095) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to screens | |||
| Daily screen time, mean (SD), min | 46 (47) | 66 (50) | 84 (52) |
| Daily screen time | |||
| 0 min | 160 (12.2) | 25 (2.2) | 5 (0.5) |
| 1–30 min | 543 (41.3) | 272 (23.8) | 113 (11.3) |
| 31–60 min | 320 (24.3) | 402 (35.2) | 292 (29.1) |
| 61–120 min | 226 (17.2) | 338 (29.6) | 422 (42.0) |
| > 120 min | 66 (5.0) | 105 (9.2) | 172 (17.1) |
| TV on during family meals | |||
| Never | 569 (40.5) | 439 (37.8) | 353 (34.1) |
| Sometimes | 383 (27.3) | 343 (29.5) | 347 (33.5) |
| Often | 284 (20.2) | 238 (20.5) | 225 (21.7) |
| Always | 168 (12.0) | 141 (12.1) | 111 (10.7) |
| Covariates | |||
| Main caretaker | |||
| Nursery | 314 (22.2) | 229 (21.7) | 351 (41.4) |
| Childminder | 602 (42.6) | 178 (16.9) | 39 (4.6) |
| Family, neighbors | 154 (10.9) | 424 (40.2) | 243 (28.7) |
| Mother | 343 (24.3) | 224 (21.2) | 214 (25.3) |
| Cognitive stimulating activities shared with child | |||
| < 1 time per week | 14 (1.0) | 13 (1.1) | 122 (11.2) |
| 1–2 times per week | 467 (33.1) | 470 (40.2) | 201 (18.5) |
| 3–5 times per week | 207 (14.6) | 215 (18.4) | 424 (39.0) |
| Every day | 725 (51.3) | 471 (40.3) | 185 (17.0) |
| HOME score | n.a | n.a | 17.3 (2.3) |
| Schooling duration, mean (SD), month | n.a | 2.9 (3.3) | n.a |
| Night sleep duration, mean (SD), hour | 11.1 (0.8) | 10.9 (0.7) | 10.9 (0.5) |
| Nap duration, mean (SD), hour | 2.1 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | n.a |
| Frequent night awakenings (≥ 3 times per week) | 314 (22.3) | 300 (25.8) | 92 (9.0) |
| Language development | |||
| Assessment tool | MacArthur-Bates CDI | Composite language | Verbal IQ |
| Exact age, mean (SD), month | 23.8 (1.2) | 37.3 (0.92) | 67.2 (1.8) |
| Language score | |||
| Mean (SD) | 60.7 (29.5) | 100.0 (15.0) | 106.7 (14.2) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 64 (35‒88) | 102.6 (91.6‒110.5) | 107 (98‒116) |
| Min‒max | 1‒100 | 39.5‒133.7 | 44‒147 |
CDI Communicative Development Inventory, HOME Home Observation Measurement of the Environment, IQ intelligence quotient.
aUnless otherwise indicated, data are expressed number (percentage) of participants.
bSample sizes indicated in column headers reflect largest sample size (i.e., the number of children with data for language development); data for exposure to TV and covariates were calculated without imputation for missing data and may be based on smaller sample sizes.