Table 2.

Pure and doped carbon nitrides for LIBs and SIBs

Battery type	Materials	Synthesis	Morphology	Initial capacity (mAh g−1)	ICEa	Reversible capacity (mAh g−1)	References
LIBs	ND-g-C3N4	Magnesiothermic denitriding method	Porous nanosheet	2627 @ 100 mA/g	45.7%	2753 @ 300 cycles	[8]
	CN-480–600	Solid-state Wurtz reaction	Macroporous graphite-like	575.7 @ 100 mA/g	19.9%	197.8 @ 300 cycles	[144]
	C2N-450	Bottom-up wet-chemical reaction.	Stacked sheet	1629.6 @ 0.1 C	57.2%	516.1 @ 500 cycles	[146]
	C3N	Bottom-up wet-chemical reaction.	Rod-like	787.3 @ 0.1 C	48.7%	1C, 285.1 @ 500 cycles	[126]
	Li-C3N4	Electrochemical and solid-state reactions	Sheet-like	188	–	38 @ 6 cycles	[121]
	C6N8 (C3N4)	Thermal oxidation	–	250 @ 30 mA/g	–	50 @ 50 cycles	[122]
	1D-C3N4 fiber	Polyaddition/polycondensation reaction	Porous layered fiber	419.7 @ 0.5 C	84.1%	181.7 @ 200 cycles	[46]
	NGC	Carbonization	Graphene-like	2749 @ 50 mA/g	50.3%	1143 @ 200 cycles	[145]
	P-MCN-1	Template synthesis	Spherical particles	2850 @ 1 A/g	44.2%	963 @ 1000 cycles	[105]
SIBs	C6N8 (C3N4)	Thermal oxidation	–	250 @ 30 mA/g	–	10 @ 50 cycles	[122]
SIBs	S-MCN	Hard template approach	Rod-like morphology	~850 @ 100 mA/g	47%	304.2 @ 100 cycles	[31]

^aICE Initial coulombic efficiency