Table 2.
Comparison of state-of-the-art performances of 1D anode materials in PIBs
| Materials | Initial C.E. (%) | Rate capacity (mAh g−1) at the current density (mA g−1) | Cycle capacity (mAh g−1) at the current density (mA g−1) (cycle number) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti3C2 | – | 60 at 300 | 42 at 200 (500) | [52] |
| Cryptomelane-type MnO2/CNT hybrids | 40.07 | 127.2 at 1000 | 226.5 at 100 (500) | [126] |
| C-NCNFs | 37.8 | 84.7 at 5 C | 103.4 at 2 C (500) | [53] |
| b-NCNTs | 23.3 | 186 at 1000 | 204 at 500 (1000) | [54] |
| M-NCNTs | 24.45 | 102 at 2000 | 102 at 2000 (500) | [55] |
| Highly N-doped CNFs | 49 | 101 at 20,000 | 146 at 2000 (4000) | [81] |
| Cup-stacked NCNT mats | 14.2 | 75 at 1000 | 236 at 20 (100) | [127] |
| Red P | 68.26 | 71 at 3000 | 300 at 1000 (60) | [56] |
| Sb/HCT | 70 | 211.5 at 5000 | 300.1 at 2000 (120) | [57] |
| 3D amorphous carbon encapsulated CoS/NCNTs on CoS-coated CNFs | 57.6 | 133.1 at 6400 | ≈130 at 3200 (600) | [128] |
| Carbon-encapsulated CoP nanoparticles embedded in CNTs supported on CNFs | 53.2 | ~292 at 3200 | 247 at 800 (1000) | [129] |
| Sub-micro-carbon fiber@CNTs | – | 108 at 5 C | more than 193 at 1 C (300) | [130] |
| Pyrrolic/pyridinic-N-doped necklace-like hollow carbon | – | 204.8 at 2000 | 161.3 at 1000 (1600) | [131] |
| Bi-nanorod networks confined in N, S co-doped carbon matrix | 65 | 289 at 6000 | 285 at 5000 (1000) | [132] |
| rGO/CNT hybrid papers | – | 110 at 100 | 148 at 50 (200) | [133] |
| Porous Mn–Fe-Se composite adhered/inserted with interlaced CNTs | 33.43 | 83 at 800 | 141 at 50 (70) | [134] |
| Hollow NCNFs anchored hierarchical FeP nanosheets | 57 | 103 at 800 | 210 at 100 (1000) | [135] |