Figure 1.

The historical shifts in preferred order from pa and ma to ma and pa (top), from fathers and mothers to mothers and fathers (middle), and from nephews and nieces to nieces and nephews (bottom) in Google Books N-gram (Michel et al., 2011). The x-axes represent time 1900–2019 and the y-axes represents the relative percentages of each order. Female-first order is represented in red and male-first in blue.