Table 2.
Procedural data.
| Standard group (n = 25) | NC group (n = 75) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure time (min)—mean ± SD | 92 ± 25 | 64 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| LA dwell time (min)—mean ± SD | 57.0 ± 18.9 | 34.4 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Net freezing time (s)—mean ± SD | 1,567 ± 657 | 988 ± 303 | <0.001 |
| Radiation dose (cGy*cm2)–mean ± SD | 1,928 ± 1,541 | 368 ± 362 | <0.001 |
| Air kerma (mGy)—mean ± SD | 82 ± 142 | 32 ± 57 | <0.001 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min)—mean ± SD | 18.0 ± 6.0 | 11.0 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Use of contrast media—n (%) | 25/25 (100%) | 3/75 (4%) | <0.001 |
| Freezes LSPV—mean ± SD | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.30 |
| Freezes LIPV—mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Freezes RSPV—mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.46 |
| Freezes RIPV—mean ± SD | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.14 |
| Interrupted freezes—mean ± SD | 0.60 ± 0.91 | 1.00 ± 1.21 | 0.09 |
| Number of PVs with time-to-isolation | 70/100 (70%) | 154/300 (51%) | 0.001 |
| Nadir temperature LSPV (°C)—mean ± SD | −50 ± 5 | −49 ± 6 | 0.485 |
| Nadir temperature LIPV (°C)—mean ± SD | −47 ± 8 | −47 ± 7 | 0.765 |
| Nadir temperature RSPV (°C)—mean ± SD | −48 ± 7 | −49 ± 7 | 0.345 |
| Nadir temperature RIPV (°C)—mean ± SD | −46 ± 4 | −46 ± 7 | 0.865 |
| Time-to-isolation LSPV (s)—mean ± SD (n = 71) | 44 ± 18 | 44 ± 20 | 0.985 |
| Time-to-isolation LIPV (s)—mean ± SD (n = 68) | 59 ± 36 | 42 ± 29 | 0.017 |
| Time-to-isolation RSPV (s)—mean ± SD (n = 41) | 40 ± 19 | 35 ± 19 | 0.324 |
| Time-to-isolation RIPV (s)—mean ± SD (n = 42) | 42 ± 25 | 38 ± 39 | 0.165 |
NC, no-contrast protocol; IQR, interquartile range; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; LA, left atrial.