Table 5. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios of overweight/obesity for sex and skipping breakfast at 2.5 years old.
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of overweight/obesity | |||||||
| 2.5 years | 4.5 years | 7 years | 10 years | 13 years | |||
| Model 1 | sex | boys (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| girls | 1.39 (1.29, 1.51) | 1.64 (1.50, 1.78) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 0.67 (0.62, 0.73) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63) | ||
| breakfast at 2.5 years old | eating (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| skipping | 0.95 (0.79, 1.13) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.47) | 1.29 (1.12, 1.49) | 1.38 (1.17, 1.62) | ||
| girls and skipping breakfast | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.20) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | ||
| Model 2 | sex | boys (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| girls | 1.30 (1.20, 1.41) | 1.54 (1.42, 1.68) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 0.68 (0.63, 0.74) | 0.55 (0.50, 0.61) | ||
| breakfast at 2.5 years old | eating (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| skipping | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.40) | 1.42 (1.21, 1.66) | ||
| girls and skipping breakfast | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | ||
| Model 3 | sex | boys (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| girls | 1.40 (1.29, 1.51) | 1.66 (1.52, 1.80) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.16) | 0.69 (0.64, 0.75) | 0.57 (0.51, 0.62) | ||
| breakfast at 2.5 years old | eating (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| skipping | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 1.19 (1.01, 1.41) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) | 1.35 (1.15, 1.59) | ||
| girls and skipping breakfast | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.11) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) | ||
Reference group was breakfast eating at 2.5 years old.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Model 1: Adjusted for birthweight, breastfeeding exclusiveness, maternal age, paternal age, maternal educational level, and paternal educational level.
Model 2: Adjusted for skipping breakfast (yes/no), hours spent watching television (exclude 13 years old), hours spent playing computer games (exclude 2.5 and 13 years old) and living with a grandparent (yes/no), at each analytical age.
Model 3: Adjusted for factors of Model 1 & 2.
Note: Bold face = statistical significance (P < 0.05).