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. 2021 Jun 8;11:353. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01468-7

Fig. 3. Catalpol dampened neuroinflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress in the hippocampus of CUMS mice.

Fig. 3

a–e The expression of cytokines were assessed by qRT-PCR, the level of IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 was downregulated significantly by catalpol, and the level of CD206 was also detected. (n = 5–8/group). f To detect the mitochondrial oxidative stress level, the average fluorescence intensity of DCF was analyzed (n = 5–8/group). g Immunofluorescence staining of hippocampal sections. Iba-1 (green), DAPI (blue); scale bar, 100 μm. h Qualification of Iba-1 immunofluorescence density (n = 5–8/group). All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared with vehicle group.