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. 2021 Jan 4;13:30. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00547-6

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Neovascularization stimulated by BGS and NBGS in vitro and in vivo. a Wound-healing assay using HUVECs cultured with BGS and NBGS for 24 h. b Proliferation of HUVECs cocultured with BGS/NBGS for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. c Representative photomicrographs of transwell migration assay of HUVECs after 24 h. d Tube formation of HUVECs stimulated by BGS and NBGS for 24 h. e Quantitative analysis of total branch points. f Quantitative analysis of total tube length. g–i Vasculogenesis-related gene expression (VEGF-A, VEGF-B and FGF2) in HUVECs cultured with different scaffolds after 24 and 48 h. j–n Reconstructed 3D micro-CT images of the blood vessels (red) surrounding the scaffolds (green) at 3 weeks. o Quantitative analysis of newborn blood vessels. The scale bar represents 250 μm (a–c) and 1 cm (j–n). (Color figure online)