Table 5.

Effects¹ of 2 different microbiome metabolic modulator products² supplemented in the feed in 19 independent trials, on the growth performance of broiler chickens raised in floor pens, evaluated with mixed models.

Parameter of interest	Negative control (NC)	MMM1	MMM2	SEM	F Probability
cFCR (g feed/g BW gain)	1.643a	1.616b	1.586c	0.036	<0.001
Feed intake (g/bird)	4,335b	4,386a	4,261c	246	<0.001
Final BW (g/bird)	2,648b	2,691a	2,696a	125	<0.001
Mortality (% pen)	4.17	4.16	3.73	0.61	0.48

^a-dMeans with different superscripts differed at P < 0.05.

¹Linear mixed-effect models considered MMM Treatment as the fixed effect and nested random effects across Study and Block, using the lme function from the nlme package of R (Pinheiro et al., 2015). The variance function allowed for different SD by the study site.

²Two structurally distinct microbiome metabolic modulators (MMM1: Glycodex , Midori USA, Inc., Cambridge, MA; and MMM2: Glycan M2-1, Midori USA, Inc., Cambridge, MA and DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) were produced by the catalytic oligomerization of food sugars into tailored glycans (Geremia et al., 2016, 2020a) and tested as a feed ingredient in a subset of a total of 19 trials with broiler chickens.