TABLE 1.
Demographic variables and clinical features of AEDs-induced MPE and Controls.
| MPE (n = 267) | Controls (n = 387) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | – | – | – |
| Male | 144 (53.93%) | 211 (54.52%) | 0.99 |
| Female | 123 (46.07%) | 176 (45.48%) | 0.98 |
| Age (years), mean (range) | 24.81 ± 17.77 (1–91) | 26.79 ± 17.13 (1–90) | 0.15 |
| Major comorbidities a , n (%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (3.6%) | 0.002 |
| CBZ exposure | MPE (n = 146) | Controls (n = 180) | |
| Dosage (mg/day), mean (range) | 347.86 ± 174.13 (50–800, n = 70 c ) | 540.17 ± 289.41 (50–1600, n = 175 c ) | 1.22 × 10−9 |
| Latency to MPE (days) b | 11.59 ± 11.15 (1–60, n = 66 c ) | NA | |
| Concurrent aromatic AEDs, n (%) | 1 (0.6%) | 70 (38.89%) | 9.52 × 10−17 |
| Concurrent nonaromatic AEDs, n (%) | 6 (4.11%) | 81 (45%) | 1.04 × 10−16 |
| LTG exposure | MPE (n = 67) | Controls (n = 102) | |
| Dosage (mg/day), mean (range) | 60.39 ± 62.43 (3.125–300, n = 43 c ) | 131.66 ± 99.99 (25–1000, n = 101 c ) | 2.87 × 10−5 |
| Latency to MPE (days) b | 13.51 ± 12.13 (1–60, n = 43 c ) | NA | |
| Concurrent aromatic AEDs, n (%) | 3 (4.48%) | 41 (40.20%) | 2.27 × 10−7 |
| Concurrent nonaromatic AEDs, n (%) | 11 (16.42%) | 65 (63.73%) | 1.47 × 10−9 |
| OXC exposure | MPE (n = 54) | Controls (n = 133) | |
| Dosage (mg/day), mean (range) | 481.71 ± 223.59 (60–900, n = 38 c ) | 501.90 ± 263.72 (25–1200, n = 79 c ) | 0.77 |
| Latency to MPE (days) b | 12.00 ± 10.30 (1–40, n = 28 c ) | NA | |
| Concurrent aromatic AEDs, n (%) | 1 (1.85%) | 31 (23.31%) | 4.14 × 10−4 |
| Concurrent nonaromatic AEDs, n (%) | 6 (11.11%) | 28 (21.05%) | 0.11 |
AEDs, antiepileptic drugs; CBZ, carbamazepine; LTG, lamotrigine; MPE, maculopapular exanthema; NA, Not applicable; OXC, oxcarbazepine.
a
The 14 patients in the control group were those after cerebral vascular stroke and still receiving treatment for stroke.
b
The latency to MPE in nine cases was more than one month (32, 39, 60, 33, 32, 36, 60, 35 and 40 days, respectively).
c
Data missing in several individuals.