. 2021 Jun 9;46(6):1204–1212. doi: 10.1007/s10900-021-01009-9

Table 2.

Changes in student perception on roles during a pandemic

Perception	Time	Mean (SD)	Paired Samples t-test
During a pandemic like COVID-19, medical student volunteers are helpful in non-clinical settings	Initial mandate	4.21 (0.82)	t (507) = 0.24, p = 0.03, Cohen’s d = 0.10^a
	Two months post	4.26 (0.87)	t (507) = 0.24, p = 0.03, Cohen’s d = 0.10^a
During a pandemic like COVID-19, medical students should be banned from all in-person clinical experiences	Initial mandate	3.23 (1.27)	t (507) = 1.40, p = 0.16
	Two months post	3.18 (1.26)	t (507) = 1.40, p = 0.16
Medical students can be helpful in clinical settings during a pandemic like COVID-19	Initial mandate	3.25 (1.14)	t (507) = − 1.03, p = 0.31
	Two months post	3.28 (1.15)	t (507) = − 1.03, p = 0.31

^aBecomes an insignificant finding after Holm-Bonferroni correction