Table 5.

Clinical studies on nanoparticles in brain cancer

NP	Drug	Brain targeting ligand	Size [nm]	Route	Phase	Indication	Ref./study number
Gold	Spherical nucleic acid (NU‐0129)	None	175	i.v.	Early Phase 1	Recurrent glioblastoma targeting BCL2L12	[ 298 ] NCT03020017
Albumin	Rapamycin	None	100	i.v.	Phase 2	High grade recurrent glioma and newly diagnosed glioblastoma	NCT03463265
Nanoliposomes	CPT‐11	None	9–101	i.v.	Phase 1	Glioblastoma	[ 299 ] NCT00734682
EGFR(V)‐EDV	Doxorubicin	Bispecific targeted antibodies to leaky blood vessels of tumor	400	i.v.	Phase 1	Glioblastoma	[ 300 ] NCT02766699
Liposome	p53 cDNA	Folic acid	<100	i.v.	Phase 2	Glioblastoma	[ 301 , 302 ] NCT02340156*
Polysiloxane Gd‐Chelates	AGuIX	None	3.4–5.5	i.v.	Phase 1	Brain metastases	[ 293 ] NCT02820454
Polysiloxane Gd‐chelates	AGuIX	None	5	i.v.	Phase 2	Brain metastases	NCT04094077
Polysiloxane Gd‐chelates	AGuIX	None	5	i.v.	Phase 2	Brain metastases, adult	NCT03818386
Silica	124I‐cRGDY‐PEG‐dots	None	6–7	i.v.	Microdosing study	Malignant Brain tumors	[ 303 ] NCT01266096
Iron oxide	Ferumoxytol	None	17–31	i.v.	Phase 1	Brain neoplasms	[ 304 ] NCT00769093
Albumin bond paclitaxel (ABI‐007)	Paclitaxel	None	130	i.v.	Phase 1	Brain and central nervous tumors	[ 305 ] NCT00313599
Nab paclitaxel	Paclitaxel Combinational therapy with 9‐ING‐41 (potent GSK‐3β)	None	130	i.v.	Phase 1/2	Refractory brain tumors, glioblastoma multiform, malignant glioma	NCT03678883
Gold	Panobinostat	None	26 a) , b)	Convection‐enhanced delivery (CED)	Phase 1	Diffuse midline gliomas	[ 306 ] NCT04264143
EDV‐nanocells	Doxorubicin	Bispecific antibodies for tumors	400 ± 20	i.v.	Phase 1	Glioblastoma	[ 307 ] NCT02766699

^a)The size is based on the formulation of P407 micelles

^b)Based on other trials, the actual registration does not specify.