Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of entire PERIOP2 study population and subgroups. Data are numbers (%) unless indicated otherwise
| Characteristics | Total (n=1471) | Whole study population (n=1471) | Atrial fibrillation (n=1166) | Mechanical valve±atrial fibrillation (n=305) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No bridging (n=650) | Bridging (n=821) | P value | No bridging (n=496) | Bridging (n=670) | P value | No bridging (n=154) | Bridging (n=151) | P value | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.7 (12.3) | 69.2 (12.9) | 70.1 (11.9) | 0.19 | 73.1 (9.1) | 72.7 (9.2) | 0.45 | 56.6 (15.1) | 58.3 (15.1) | 0.32 | ||
| Male sex | 946 (64.3) | 428 (65.9) | 518 (63.1) | 0.27 | 346 (69.8) | 437 (65.2) | 0.10 | 82 (53.3) | 81 (53.6) | 0.94 | ||
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 85.9 (22.9) | 84.9 (22.5) | 86.6 (23.3) | 0.15 | 87.5 (21.5) | 89.1 (22.7) | 0.20 | 76.6 (23.6) | 75.5 (22.7) | 0.69 | ||
| Prosthetic mechanical valve | 305 (20.7) | 154 (23.7) | 151 (18.4) | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 100 (32.8), n=305 | 47 (30.5), n=154 | 53 (35.1), n=151 | 0.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Mitral | 133 (43.6), n=305 | 68 (44.2), n=154 | 65 (43.1), n=151 | 0.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Aortic | 172 (56.4), n=305 | 86 (55.8), n=154 | 86 (57.0), n=151 | 0.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Tricuspid | 0, n=304 | 0, n=153 | 0, n=151 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Atrial fibrillation only | 1166 (79.3), n=1471 | 496 (76.3) | 670 (81.6), n=821 | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Currently in atrial fibrillation* | 522 (45.4), n=1151 | 231 (47.0), n=492 | 291 (44.2), n=659 | 0.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Controlled with drugs (rate<100) | 995 (86.2), n=1154 | 415 (84.4), n=492 | 580 (87.6), n=662 | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Intermittent* | 403 (35.0), n=1151 | 197 (40.0), n=492 | 206 (31.3), n=659 | 0.002 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| CHADS2 (atrial fibrillation only), mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.2), n=1166 | 2.5 (1.2), n=496 | 2.4 (1.1), n=670 | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Distribution | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 | 260 (22.3) | 104 (21.0) | 156 (23.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2 | 421 (36.1) | 166 (33.5) | 255 (38.1) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3 | 276 (23.7) | 119 (24.0) | 157 (23.4) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4 | 140 (12.0) | 73 (14.7) | 67 (10.0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 5 | 54 (4.6) | 29 (5.9) | 25 (3.7) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 6 | 10 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 251 (17.1) | 121 (18.6) | 130 (15.8) | 0.16 | 98 (19.8) | 104 (15.5) | 0.06 | 23 (14.9) | 26 (17.2) | 0.59 | ||
| Left ventricular dysfunction | 77 (5.2), n=1469 | 38 (5.9) | 39 (4.8), n=819 | 0.35 | 33 (6.7) | 34 (5.1) | 0.26 | 5 (3.3) | 5 (3.3) | 1 | ||
| Hypertension | 1183 (80.4) | 507 (78.0) | 676 (82.3) | 0.04 | 424 (85.5) | 582 (86.9) | 0.50 | 83 (53.90) | 94 (62.3) | 0.14 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 444 (30.9) | 189 (29.1) | 255 (31.1) | 0.41 | 167 (33.7) | 221 (33.0) | 0.81 | 22 (14.3) | 34 (22.5) | 0.06 | ||
| Stroke | 170 (11.6) | 84 (12.9) | 86 (10.5) | 0.14 | 79 (15.3) | 85 (12.7) | 0.12 | 5 (3.3) | 1 (0.7) | 0.21 | ||
| Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 330 (22.4) | 164 (25.2) | 166 (20.2) | 0.02 | 153 (30.9) | 162 (24.2) | 0.01 | 11 (7.1) | 4 (2.7) | 0.07 | ||
| Transient ischaemic attack | 190 (12.9) | 94 (14.5) | 96 (11.7) | 0.12 | 85 (17.4) | 92 (13.7) | 0.11 | 9 (5.8) | 4 (2.7) | 0.17 | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 450 (30.6) | 206 (31.7) | 244 (29.7) | 0.41 | 166 (33.5) | 210 (31.3) | 0.44 | 40 (26.0) | 34 (22.5) | 0.48 | ||
| Angina | 265 (18.0), n=1470 | 128 (19.7) | 137 (16.7), n=820 | 0.14 | 102 (20.6) | 118 (17.6) | 0.20 | 26 (16.9), n=154, | 19 (12.7), n=150, | 0.30 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 243 (16.5), n=1470 | 110 (16.9) | 133 (16.2), n=820 | 0.72 | 95 (19.2) | 120 (17.9) | 0.59 | 15 (9.7) n=154 | 13 (8.7) n=150 | 0.75 | ||
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 157 (10.7) | 78 (12) | 79 (9.6) | 0.14 | 56 (11.3) | 57 (8.5) | 0.11 | 22 (14.3) | 22 (14.6) | 0.94 | ||
| Previous angioplasty | 90 (6.1), n=1470 | 44 (6.8) | 46 (5.6), n=820 | 0.36 | 38 (7.7) | 41 (6.1) | 0.30 | 6 (3.9), n=154 | 5 (3.3), n=150 | 0.79 | ||
| Previous coronary stent | 76 (5.12), n=1470 | 32 (4.9) | 44 (5.4), n=820 | 0.70 | 29 (5.9) | 40 (6.0) | 0.93 | 3 (2.0), n=154 | 4 (2.7), n=150 | 0.72 | ||
| Previous thrombolytic therapy | 14 (1.0), n=1467 | 6 (0.9), n=648 | 8 (1.0), n=819 | 0.92 | 6 (1.2), n=495 | 6 (0.9), n=669 | 0.60 | 0, n=153 | 2 (1.3), n=150 | 0.24 | ||
| History of venous thromboembolism | 106 (7.2) | 47 (7.2) | 59 (7.2) | 0.97 | 44 (8.9) | 55 (8.2) | 0.69 | 3 (2.0) | 4 (2.7) | 0.72 | ||
| Deep vein thrombosis | 83 (5.6) | 35 (5.4) | 48 (5.9) | 0.70 | 32 (6.5) | 46 (6.97) | 0.78 | 3 (2.0) | 2 (1.3) | 1 | ||
| Pulmonary embolism | 39 (2.7) | 19 (2.9) | 20 (2.4) | 0.56 | 19 (3.8) | 18 (2.7) | 0.27 | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 0.24 | ||
| Laboratory values, mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 134 (16.7), n=1399 | 134 (16.6), n=622 | 135 (16.8), n=777 | 0.10 | 135 (16.0), n=474 | 136 (16.4), n=641 | 0.16 | 131 (17.9), n=148 | 131 (17.8), n=136 | 0.89 | ||
| Platelet count, thrombocytes (×109/L) | 222 (78.2), n=1395 | 216 (71.1), n=620 | 227 (83.2), n=775 | 0.01 | 213 (70.1), n=473 | 224 (84.9), n=640 | 0.01 | 226 (73.7), n=147 | 239 (73.7), n=135 | 0.12 | ||
| International normalised ratio | 1.2 (0.2), n=1432 | 1.2 (0.2), n=635 | 1.2 (0.2), n=797 | 0.68 | 1.2 (0.2), n=485 | 1.2 (0.2), n=654 | 0.10 | 1.2 (0.2), n=150 | 1.2 (0.3), n=143 | 0.11 | ||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 92.7 (26.7) | 92.1 (27.0) | 93.1 (26.4) | 0.46 | 94.4 (27.9) | 94.2 (25.5) | 0.91 | 84.8 (22.5) | 88.5 (29.7) | 0.22 | ||
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 79.9 (39.4) | 80.5 (40.4) | 79.3 (38.6) | 0.56 | 78.1 (41.8) | 78.6 (39.7) | 0.85 | 88.3 (34.5) | 82.8 (32.7) | 0.15 | ||
| Drug use | 377 (25.6) | 173 (26.6) | 204 (24.9) | 0.44 | 108 (21.8) | 149 (22.2) | 0.85 | 65 (42.2) | 55 (36.4) | 0.30 | ||
| Aspirin | 360 (24.5) | 167 (25.7) | 193 (23.5) | 0.33 | 102 (20.6) | 142 (21.2) | 0.79 | 65 (42.2) | 51 (33.8) | 0.13 | ||
| Clopidogrel | 25 (1.7), n=1470 | 11 (1.7) | 14 (1.7), n=820 | 0.98 | 11 (2.2), n=496 | 8 (1.2), n=669 | 0.17 | 0 | 6 (4.0) | 0.01 | ||
| Aggrenox | 2 (0.1), n=1469 | 1 (0.2), n=649 | 1 (0.1), n=820 | 1 | 1 (0.2), n=496 | 1 (0.2), n=669 | 1 | 0, n=153 | 0, n=151 | — | ||
SD=standard deviation.
*
Confirmed on current electrocardiogram.