Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies for HaH and In-Hospital Groups.

Source	Design	Patient illness	What and who is involved in the HaH intervention	Outcomes measured	HaH group characteristicsa	In-hospital group characteristics
Mendoza et al,34 2009 Spain	Prospective randomized controlled trial	CHF	Home visits by internal medicine specialist and nurse. Other HCP involved: not specified	Mortality; readmission; functional status; quality of life. Lengthb,c of follow-up: 12 mo	37 patients; mean age 78 y; 51% women	34 patients; mean age 80 y; 29% women
Ricauda et al,38 2008 Italy	Prospective randomized controlled single-blind	COPD	Home visits by physicians and nurses. Other HCP involved: geriatricians, physiotherapists, social worker, and counselor	Mortality; morbidity; readmission; depression, functional status, nutritional status, cognitive status; quality of life; caregiver stress; satisfaction. Length of follow-up: 6 mo	52 patients; mean age 80 y; 44% women	52 patients; mean age 79 y; 25% women
Ricauda et al,39 2004 Italy	Randomized, controlled, single-blind trial	Ischemic Stroke	Home visit by nurse, physician, and physical therapist. Other HCP involved: geriatricians, dietitians, physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and social workers	Mortality; functional impairment; depression; morbidity; length of treatment; readmission; neurologic deficit. Length of follow-up: 6 mo	60 patients; median age 83 y; 62% women	60 patients; median age 80 y; 48% women
Tibaldi et al,40 2009 Italy	Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial	CHF	Home visits by physician and nurse. Other HCP involved: geriatricians, physiotherapists, social worker, and counselor	Mortality; morbidity readmission; length of treatment; caregiver stress. Length of follow-up: 6 mo	48 patients; mean age 82 y; 54% women	53 patients; mean age 80 y; 43% women
Levine et al,36 2018 United States	Randomized controlled trial	CHF, COPD, or asthma	Home visits by general internist and nurse. Other HCP involved: not specified	Mortality; length of treatment; readmission; morbidity; satisfaction. Length of follow-up: 1 mo	9 patients; median age 65 y; 22% women	11 patients; median age 60 y; 73% women
Davies et al,42 2000 England	Prospective Randomized controlled trial	COPD	Home visits by nurses. Other HCP involved: hospital respiratory physician	Mortality; readmission; quality of life. Length of follow-up: 3 mo	100 patients; mean age 70 y; 55% women	50 patients; mean age 70 y; 40% women
Vianello et al,37 2013 Italy	Prospective Randomized Controlled trial	Neuromuscular disease	Home visit by district nurse, respiratory therapist, or pulmonologist. Other HCP involved: general physician, and trained caregiver	Mortality. Length of follow-up: 3 mo	26 patients; mean age 45 y; 35% women	27 patients; mean age 47 y; 11% women
Hernandez et al,41 2003 Spain	Randomized controlled trial	COPD	Home visit by respiratory nurse. Other HCP involved: respiratory physician	Quality of life; mortality; readmission. Length of follow-up: 2 mo	121 patients; mean age 71 y; 3% women	101 patients; mean age 71 y; 3% women
Echevarria et al,35 2018 England	Noninferiority randomized controlled trial	COPD	Home visits by respiratory specialist nurse. Other HCP involved: respiratory consultant, pharmacist, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, and social support	Mortality; readmission; depression and anxiety; quality of life; length of treatment. Length of follow-up: 3 mo	60 patients; mean age 71 y; 53% women	58 patients; mean age 69 y; 52% women

Abbreviations: CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HaH, hospital-at-home; HCP, health care professional.

^aNumber of patients counted at baseline.

^bLength of treatment defined as number of days in HaH for the experimental group and the number of in-hospital days for the control group.

^cLength of follow-up was defined as the number of months for which outcome data was collected for both HaH and in-hospital groups.