Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups.
| Variable | Total (N=269) | Control group (n=136) | Intervention group (n=133) | Wilcoxon rank sum or χ2 test | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 31.07 (4.34) | 30.93 (4.48) | 31.23 (4.21) | 0.95a | .34 | |
| Age (years), n (%) |
|
|
|
0.04b | .84 | |
|
|
≤35 | 213 (79.1) | 107 (78.7) | 106 (79.7) |
|
|
|
|
>35 | 56 (20.8) | 29 (21.3) | 27 (20.3) |
|
|
| BMI, mean (SD) | 24.04 (11.43) | 25.07 (15.62) | 22.99 (3.64) | –0.95a | .34 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) , n (%) |
|
|
|
2.85b | .41 | |
|
|
10-18.5 | 24 (8.9) | 12 (8.8) | 12 (9.0) |
|
|
|
|
18.5-24 | 137 (50.9) | 69 (50.7) | 68 (51.1) |
|
|
|
|
24-28 | 71 (26.4) | 32 (23.5) | 39 (29.3) |
|
|
|
|
≥28 | 37 (13.8) | 23 (16.9) | 14 (10.5) |
|
|
| Gravidity, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.04b | .84 | |
|
|
Primigravida | 123 (45.7) | 63 (46.3) | 60 (45.1) |
|
|
|
|
Multigravida | 146 (54.3) | 73 (53.7) | 73 (54.9) |
|
|
| Parity, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.42b | .52 | |
|
|
Primipara | 161 (59.9) | 84 (61.8) | 77 (57.9) |
|
|
|
|
Multipara | 108 (40.1) | 52 (38.2) | 56 (42.1) |
|
|
| Newborn sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.45b | .50 | |
|
|
Boy | 134 (49.8) | 65 (47.8) | 69 (51.9) |
|
|
|
|
Girl | 135 (50.2) | 71 (52.2) | 64 (48.1) |
|
|
| Nationality, n (%) |
|
|
|
1.76b | .19 | |
|
|
Ethnic Han | 259 (96.3) | 133 (97.8) | 126 (94.7) |
|
|
|
|
Other | 10 (3.7) | 3 (2.2) | 7 (5.3) |
|
|
| Family history of diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
|
|
|
1.30b | .25 | |
|
|
Yes | 12 (4.5) | 8 (5.9) | 4 (3.0) |
|
|
|
|
No | 257 (95.5) | 128 (94.1) | 129 (97.0) |
|
|
| OGTTcvalues (mmol/L), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fasting | 4.98 (0.78) | 5.04 (0.75) | 4.93 (0.81) | –1.56a | .12 |
|
|
1 hour | 10.20 (1.84) | 10.03 (1.88) | 10.37 (1.79) | 0.87a | .39 |
|
|
2 hour | 8.89 (1.69) | 8.83 (1.63) | 8.96 (1.75) | –0.03a | .97 |
| Gestational weeks at enrollment, mean (SD) | 26.37 (1.74) | 26.27 (1.72) | 26.48 (1.77) | 1.14a | .26 | |
| Patient groups according to gestational weeks at enrollment, n (%) |
|
|
|
1.71b | .63 | |
|
|
Group 1 | 66 (24.5) | 34 (25.0) | 32 (24.1) |
|
|
|
|
Group 2 | 113 (42.0) | 61 (44.9) | 52 (39.1) |
|
|
|
|
Group 3 | 66 (24.5) | 29 (21.3) | 37 (27.8) |
|
|
|
|
Group 4 | 24 (8.9) | 12 (8.8) | 12 (9.0) |
|
|
aWilcoxon rank sum test.
bChi-square test.
cOGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.