Table 2.

Summary statistics.

	CAC40	DAX30	FTSEMIB	GOLD	HANGSENG	IBEX35	NASDAQ	LSE	NIKKEI225	S&P500	SSEC	BITCOIN
Mean	−0.15932	−0.02913	−0.106947	0.173606	−0.095486	−0.22239	0.193071	0.069004	−0.028088	0.095553	0.003844	0.31989
Median	−0.02002	−0.00887	0.129639	0.325265	−0.029897	−0.08561	0.520572	0.143301	−0.065348	0.34352	0.117441	0.136811
Maximum	8.056082	10.4142	8.550532	5.611744	4.362133	7.527779	8.934696	9.890981	7.731376	8.968323	5.554206	16.71043
Minimum	−13.0983	−13.0548	−18.54611	−4.79598	−5.720194	−15.1511	−13.14915	−7.97988	−6.27356	−12.76522	−8.03915	−46.47302
Std. Dev.	2.389679	2.419666	2.70936	1.553857	1.622837	2.521159	2.619861	2.55102	1.932202	2.647272	1.500958	5.232895
Skewness	−1.38766	−1.01574	−2.674279	−0.16332	−0.518028	−1.61612	−1.184268	0.078721	0.252093	−0.948675	−1.05636	−4.795952
Kurtosis	10.07362	11.01383	19.97008	5.445874	4.436832	12.19147	9.710966	5.2594	6.070564	9.326538	9.620949	47.95875
Jarque-B	334.4024	395.8512	1833.588	35.26547	18.17365	549.8063	293.3307	29.70938	56.07819	252.6616	279.7408	12239.49
Probability	0	0	0	0	0.000113	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Source: Author's calculation