. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2020 Aug 27;59(4):504–512. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.026

Table 3.

Utilization Under Medicaid/CHIP, Pre- and Post-SBHC Implementation

	Schools with SBHC^a		Comparison schools^a
Utilization measures	Pre, n=2,890	Post, n=4,606	Pre, n=2,469	Post, n=3,923
Well-child visit^b	38.8%	51.5%**^b	41.9%	46.6%**
Flu vaccination^c	27.7%	28.1%	37.0%	24.7%**
Dental visit, preventive^d	73.8%	70.8%**	72.9%	72.6%
Dental visit, any 2 or more^e	41.9%	40.0%	43.7%	41.8%
Overweight/obese diagnosis^f	10.2%	22.2%**	6.4%	13.2%**
Diet/nutritional counseling^g	1.9%	24.5%**	0.8%	13.1%**
Diet/nutritional counseling if overweight/obese^h	15.3%	62.7%**	10.7%	39.3%**
≥1 ER visit	24.2%	22.6%	23.4%	21.0%*
≥1 hospitalization	1.07%	1.24%	0.73%	1.02%

Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). Pearson χ² test used for comparing pre- and post-implementation utilization measures.

Areas defined by addresses and school boundaries for SBHCs (T:Urban/Hispanic, T:SmallCity/Black, T:Rural/White) or comparison (C:Urban/Hispanic, C:SmallCity/Black, C:Rural/White) schools; children ever in Medicaid/CHIP and residing in the school district area during the school year with a new SBHC are considered “area exposed” to a SBHC.

Well-child visit defined as EPSDT or ICD-9 V202/Z0012X.

Flu vaccination defined using procedure codes 90630, 90656, 90653, 90654, 90657, 90658, 90660, 90661, 90662, 90664, 90666, 90667, 90668, 90672, 90685, 90673, G0008, G9142, Q2034, Q2035, Q2036, Q2037, Q2038, Q2039, 90674, 90682, 90686, 90687, 90688, 90756.

Procedure codes D1000–D1999.

Provider type code claim of dentist service provider (12).

ICD-9 diagnosis codes 278.0X, V85.53, V85.54; ICD-10 diagnosis codes E66, Z68.53, Z68.54 We note that while the introduction of ICD-10 in 2015 introduced more coding detail in the area of obesity/overweight, the coding of these outcomes was increasing prior to the SBHCs similarly for both the SBHC and comparison groups.

ICD-9 diagnosis codes V65.3 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes Z71.3, Z72.4.

Subset of students with obese/overweight diagnosis (SBHC n=1,316; control n=675). CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program; SBHC, school-based health center; flu, influenza; ER, emergency room; EPSDT, Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment.