TABLE 3.
Association between total daily PA (cpm) and MVPA (min/day) and metabolic health markers.
| Biomarker |
Pacific |
NZ European |
All participants≠ |
|||
| Endocrine | Total daily PA, difference (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, difference (95% CI) per 10 units increase | Total daily PA, difference (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, difference (95% CI) per 10 units increase | Total daily PA, difference (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, difference (95% CI) per 10 units increase |
| HbA1c (mmol mol) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.2) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4)* | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) |
| Glucose (mmol L) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.05) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) |
| HOMA-IR | −2.8 (−5.9, 0.4) | −2.6 (−6.3, 1.0) | 0.2 (−0.6, 0.9) | −0.9 (−1.7, −0.1)* | −0.9 (−2.2, 0.4) | −1.5 (−2.9, −0.03)* |
| Leptin (pg ml) | −729 (−1711, 251) | −989 (−2090, 112) | −26 (−826, 774) | 31 (−794, 857) | −304 (−917, 310) | −267 (−920, 387) |
| Chol (mmol L) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.14) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) |
| NEFA (mmol L) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.05) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) |
| Trig (mmol L) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.05) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.00) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01) |
| HDL (mmol L) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.07) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06)*** | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06)** |
| LDL (mmol L) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.0 (0.1, 0.1) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) |
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| Weight (Kg) | 0.4 (−1.2, 2.0) | 0.49 (−1.49, 2.38) | 0.3 (−0.6, 1.2) | −0.12 (−1.03, 0.78) | 0.3 (−0.5, 1.1) | 0.12 (−0.77, 1.01) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | −0.5 (−1.6, 0.6) | −0.50 (−1.79, 0.79) | 0.4 (−0.2, 1.1) | −0.14 (−0.81, 0.52) | 0.1 (−0.5, 0.6) | −0.22 (−0.85, 0.41) |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 0.1 (−0.9, 1.0) | 0.22 (−0.90, 1.33) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.7) | −0.04 (−0.70, 0.62) | 0.0 (−0.5, 0.6) | 0.09 (−0.49, 0.66) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.1 (0.1, 2.2)* | 0.45 (−0.79, 1.70) | 0.1 (−1.0, 1.1) | −0.30 (−1.34, 0.74) | 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) | 0.00 (−0.79, 0.79) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.5 (−0.3, 1.4) | −0.17 (−1.20, 0.86) | −0.5 (−1.2, 0.3) | −0.045 (−0.122, 0.031) | −0.2 (−0.7, 0.4) | −0.29 (−0.90, 0.33) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | −1.1 (−2.3, −0.2) | −1.83 (−3.19, −0.48)** | −1.4 (−2.4, 0.4)** | −1.21 (−2.26, −0.17)* | −1.2 (−2.0, −0.4)** | −0.14 (−2.26, −0.63)** |
| Total daily PA, ratio (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, ratio (95% CI) per 10 units increase | Total daily PA, ratio (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, ratio (95% CI) per 10 units increase | Total daily PA, ratio (95% CI) per 100 units increase | MVPA, ratio (95% CI) per 10 units increase | |
| Insulin† (pmol/ml) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)* | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.96)*** | 1.00 (0.91, 1.00)* | 0.95 (0.91, 0.98)** |
| CRP† (mg L) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00)* | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98)* | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00)** | 0.92 (0.87, 0.99)* |
Total n = 272: Pacific n = 114 (n = 2 with missing deprivation data), NZE n = 158 (n = 1 with missing deprivation data). NZE, New Zealand European; PA, physical activity; MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; HbA1c, fasting blood glycated haemoglobin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; CRP, fasting C Reactive Protein; Chol, fasting blood total cholesterol; HDL, fasting High-density lipoprotein; LDL, fasting Low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, fasting non-esterified fatty acids; Trig, fasting triglycerides. All models adjusted for body fat% group, age and NZDep2013; ≠further adjusted for ethnicity; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; †data has been log transformed (ln). Regression coefficients represent the change in the outcome per 100 cpm change in total daily PA and 10 min change in MVPA.