Table 1.

Study setting and participants.

Study reference	Country	Palliative care setting	Participants
			Patients	Family	Volunteers	Clinicians	Nursing staff*	Doctors	Social workers	Psychologists
Agar et al. 22	Australia	Hospital inpatient	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bolton et al. 54	New Zealand	Hospice inpatient	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brajtman51–53	Israel	Hospital inpatient	0	26	0	12	8	2	2	0
Brajtman et al. 40	Canada	Hospital inpatient; home care nursing team	0	0	0	9	9	0	0	0
Bush et al. 41	Canada	Hospital inpatient	0	0	0	13	8	5	0	0
Cohen et al. 48	USA	Hospital inpatient	34	37	0	0	0	0	0	0
De Vries et al. 45	UK	Hospice inpatient	0	0	0	7	7	0	0	0
Gagnon et al. 42	Canada	Hospital inpatient	0	21	✔	11	✔	✔	✔	✔
Greaves et al. 36	Australia	Hospice inpatient; home palliative care service	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hosie et al.23,37,38**	Australia	Hospital inpatient	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0
Hosie et al.38,39**	Australia	Hospital inpatient	0	0	0	21	21	0	0	0
Namba et al. 49	Japan	Hospice inpatient	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Szarpa et al. 47	USA	Hospice inpatient	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uchida et al. 50	Japan	Hospital inpatient; home care clinics	0	0	0	20	6	12	0	2
Waterfield et al. 46	UK	Hospice inpatient	0	0	0	18	18	0	0	0
Wright et al43,44	Canada	Hospice inpatient	0	0	6	22	16	4	1	1
Totals			34	134	6	173	133	23	3	3

^*Includes nursing assistants, health care assistants, patient care attendants as well as qualified nurses.

^**Hosie et al. ³⁸ reported data from two different studies.

^✔Participants included but number not provided.