Table 1.
Characteristics of the influenza surveillance systems in participating countries 2011‐2017
| WHO transmission zone | Country | a Population N (% of Africa), 2017 | Year surveillance started | WHO‐designated National Influenza Center 2017 | d EQAP (%) | Number of sentinel sites in 2017 | Cumulative ILI specimens tested & % positive for influenza n/N; (%) | Cumulative SARI specimens tested & % positive for influenza (n/N; (%) | Mean annual specimens tested & % positive for influenza (n/N; (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza‐like illness | Severe acute respiratory infection | ILI | SARI | ILI & SARI | ||||||
| Northern | Algeria b , c | 41 398 198 (9) | 2011 | Y | 100 | 15 | 1 | 3361 (27) | 1096 (35) | 637 (29) |
| Southern | South Africa b , c , e | 56 717 156 (5) | 1984 | Y | 89 | 3 | 8 | 9967 (9) | 27 191 (4) | 5308 (5) |
| Western | Côte d'Ivoire b , c , e | 24 294 750 (2) | 2007 | Y | 91 | 14 | 11 | 11 048 (10) | 2927 (5) | 1996 (9) |
| Western | Democratic Republic of Congo e | 81 339 988 (8) | 2008 | N | 92 | 11 | 9 | 8734 (6) | 5755 (5) | 2070 (6) |
| Western | Mali e | 18 541 980 (2) | 2014 | N | 73 | 5 | 3 | 2677 (12) | 496 (8) | 453 (11) |
| Western | Niger | 21 477 348 (2) | 2009 | N | 97 | 7 | 7 | 2103 (7) | 2611 (6) | 673 (6) |
| Western | Nigeria e | 190 886 311 (18) | 2009 | N | 99 | 4 | 4 | 7915 (7) | 1627 (4) | 1363 (6) |
| Western | Senegal | 15 850 567 (1) | 1996 | Y | 99 | 15 | 2 | 11 715 (13) | 266 (13) | 1720 (13) |
| Western | Togo e | 7 797 694 (1) | 2010 | N | 98 | 2 | 4 | 3996 (12) | 556 (8) | 650 (12) |
| Eastern | Kenya e | 49 699 862 (5) | 2006 | Y | 98 | 7 | 7 | 2476 (9) | 17 194 (6) | 2809 (7) |
| Eastern | Madagascar c , e | 25 570 895 (2) | 1978 | Y | 97 | 54 | 18 | 8198 (23) | 1771 (17) | 1424 (22) |
| Eastern | Malawi | 18 622 104 (2) | 2011 | N | 85 | 1 | 2 | 1306 (12) | 5415 (7) | 960 (8) |
| Eastern | Mozambique e | 29 668 834 (3) | 2013 | N | 96 | 1 | 2 | 155 (14) | 2582 (4) | 390 (4) |
| Eastern | Tanzania e | 57 310 019 (5) | 2008 | Y | 97 | 13 | 12 | 4255 (9) | 9130 (6) | 1912 (7) |
| Eastern | Uganda e | 42 862 958 (4) | 2007 | Y | 100 | 6 | 8 | 9403 (11) | 7705 (8) | 2444 (9) |
| Eastern | Zambia e | 17 094 130 (4) | 2008 | Y | 99 | 2 | 4 | 4643(7) | 4521 (6) | 1309 (5) |
| Central Africa | Cameroon c | 24 053 727 (2) | 2007 | Y | 97 | 24 | 3 | 8347 (16) | 1344 (13) | 1384 (15) |
| Central Africa | Central African Republic | 4 659 080 (0) | 2008 | Y | ‐ | 7 | 1 | 7169 (4) | 0 (–) | 1024 (4) |
| Total | 710 751 471 (56) | 1978‐2014 | 55% | 73‐ 100 | 11 (1‐54) | 6 (1‐18) | 107 520 (11) | 92 181 (8) | 28 529 (9) | |
a
Data populated with World Bank 2017 population data. Population for Middle East/North Africa used as denominator for Algeria.
b
Influenza vaccine policy or guidelines available.
c
Seasonal Influenza vaccine available in the public sector.
d
External Quality Assessment Panels (EQAP) data are averaged from 2011‐2017.
e
CDC‐funded countries.