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. 2021 Jun 9;13:110. doi: 10.1186/s13195-021-00850-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Neuroinflammation-mediated association between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The expression of AD a blood and b cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) protein markers in COVID-19 patients. Heatmaps show the fold change (FC) of the comparisons indicated above. c, d Network analyses of the AD markers that are differentially expressed in COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19. Neighbors of these markers that are the SARS-CoV-2 host factors (non-circle nodes) or are DEGs (denoted by “+”) in the COVID-19 datasets are shown. Node shape indicates the number of SARS-CoV-2 host factor datasets that contain the node. Edge colors indicate the protein-protein interaction source type. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DEG, differentially expressed genes. ICU, intensive care unit