TABLE 3.

Findings from Complementary Examinations in Patients With a Microbiologic Diagnosis of EV-A71 Infection

	Number of Cases
Blood analysis	48/49*	Mean
Leukocytes		12,000 leukocytes/μL
Neutrophils		6700 neutrophils/μL
C-reactive protein		0.9 mg/dL
Procalcitonin		0.4 ng/mL
Lumbar puncture	40/49*	Mean:
Leukocytes		145 leukocytes/μL
Lymphocytes		80%
Proteins		40 mg/dL
Glucose		64 mg/dL
Bacterial culture		100% negative
Bacterial PCR		100% negative
Viral PCR		2 positives cases: EV-A71 and HHV6
EV isolated	64/64
NPA		86% (55/64)
Stools		89% (57/64)
Viral coinfections	15/49*
Rhinovirus		60%
Adenovirus		26%
Bocavirus		7%
Rotavirus		7%
Brain and spinal cord MRI	60/64
No evident abnormalities		9.3% (6/64)
Sign of rhombencephalitis†		84.4% (54/64)
Signs of myelitis		67.2% (43/64)
Restricted diffusion	5/60	8.3%

*Data are available only for the 49 patients hospitalized in Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron

†Signs of rhombencephalitis: T2 and FLAIR hyperintense lesions in the brainstem particularly in pontine tegmentum (posterior aspect of the pons) or medulla, and or dentate nuclei area. Signs of myelitis: Lineal hyperintensity within the upper aspect cervical cord with prediction to the anterior horns. Restricted diffusion: Additional restricted diffusion (B:1000 hyperintensity, low ADC values) within focal T2 lesions at the posterior aspect of the pons or medulla (poor prognosis).

EV indicates enterovirus; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NPA, nasopharyngeal aspirate; HHV6, Human herpesvirus 6.