Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients at baseline.
Unless noted otherwise, parametric comparisons were performed.
| Overall (n = 203) | Control Group (n = 143) | HCQ/AZI Group (n = 60) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical data | |||||
| Age—years | 59.6 ± 16.8 | 62.8 ± 17.3 | 52.1 ± 13.0 | <0.0001 | |
| Male sex | 120 (59.1) | 77 (53.8) | 43 (71.7) | 0.02 | |
| BMI—kg/m2 | 29.0 ± 6.2 | 28.9 ± 6.3 | 30.8 ± 5.2 | 0.04 § | |
| Comorbidities, No (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 90 (44.3) | 72 (50.3) | 18 (30.0) | 0.01 | |
| Diabetes | 67 (33.0) | 53 (37.1) | 14 (23.3) | 0.06 | |
| Active smoking | 7 (3.4) | 6 (4.2) | 1 (1.7) | 0.53 ɸ | |
| Past smoking | 22 (10.8) | 13 (9.1) | 9 (15.0) | ||
| Chronic heart failure | 17 (8.4) | 17 (11.9) | 0 (0) | 0.01 | |
| COPD | 13 (6.4) | 8 (5.6) | 5 (8.3) | 0.53 ɸ | |
| Asthma | 16 (7.9) | 8 (5.6) | 8 (13.3) | 0.09 ɸ | |
| Cancer | 9 (4.4) | 8 (5.6) | 1 (1.7) | 0.29 ɸ | |
| Treatment, No (%) | |||||
| ACEIs or ARBs | 50 (24.8) | 39 (27.5) | 11 (18.3) | 0.17 | |
| Betablocker | 41 (20.3) | 34 (23.9) | 7 (11.7) | 0.05 | |
| Antialdosterone | 5 (2.5) | 4 (2.8) | 1 (1.7) | 1 ɸ | |
| NSAIDs or corticoid | 4 (2.0) | 4 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 ɸ | |
| Admission data, mean ± SD in unit | |||||
| Time from symptom onset to admission—days | 6.5 ± 4.5 | 6.2 ± 4.0 | 7.2 ± 5.4 | 0.26 § | |
| GCS | 15 ± 0.1 | 15 ± 0.2 | 15 ± 0 | 0,19 § | |
| Respiratory rate—/min | 27.7 ± 8.4 | 26.7 ± 8.2 | 30.0 ± 8.3 | 0.01 § | |
| Oxygen saturation—% | 94.0 ± 4.0 | 94.1 ± 4.0 | 93.5 ± 3.9 | 0.17 § | |
| Oxygen flow at admission—L/min | 3.0 ± 3.2 | 2.9 ± 3.5 | 3.3 ± 2.4 | 0.01 § | |
| P/F ratio | 275.6 ± 106.2 | 283.1 ± 107.7 | 258.8 ± 101.6 | 0.03§ | |
| Systolic blood pressure—mmHg | 132.9 ± 20.0 | 132.5 ± 21.6 | 134.1 ± 15.5 | 0.61 | |
| Heart rate—bpm | 91.0 ± 16.8 | 90.3 ± 17.9 | 92.7 ± 13.7 | 0.35 | |
| SOFA score | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 0.04 § | |
| Biology at admission mean ± SD in unit | |||||
| C-reactive protein—mg/l | 98.0 ± 74.8 | 98.9 ± 76.3 | 96.0 ± 71.7 | 0.86§ | |
| Leukocyte count—G/l | 7.0 ± 3.1 | 6.9 ± 3.2 | 7.1 ± 2.9 | 0.59 § | |
| Lymphocyte count—G/l | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.37 § | |
| Creatinemia—μmol/l | 102.1 ± 79.5 | 109.0 ± 92.8 | 85.6 ± 23.1 | 0.36 § | |
Abbreviations: HCQ/AZI, Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin; BMI, body mass index; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; NSAIDs Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SOFA score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.
§ refers to non-parametric comparisons.
ɸ refers to Fisher exact test.