Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, clinical features, selected medications, and hematological variables for controls and COVID-19 patients divided into moderate and severe groups
| Baseline variables* | Controls (n = 20) |
Moderate COVID-19 (n = 22) |
Severe COVID-19 (n = 11) |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean (SD)) | 66.9 (10.1) | 65.7 (13.2) | 70.7 (14.1) | 0.54 |
| Male, n (%) | 18 (90) | 19 (90) | 11 (92) | 0.99 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.84 | |||
| White | 15 (75) | 14 (63) | 7 (64) | |
| African American | 2 (10) | 5 (23) | 2 (18) | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Native American | 3 (15) | 2 (9) | 2 (18) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 6 (30) | 8 (36) | 4 (36) | 0.93 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15 (75) | 17 (77) | 9 (82) | 0.84 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 9 (45) | 12 (55) | 8 (73) | 0.46 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 8 (40) | 9 (41) | 7 (64) | 0.60 |
| Previous stroke/TIA | 2 (10) | 2 (9) | 1 (9) | 0.99 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 31.4 (7.4) | 34.7 (8.1) | 30.1 (6.0) | 0.18 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 11 (55) | 12 (55) | 3 (27) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 12 (60) | 13 (59) | 8 (73) | 0.93 |
| Hematological parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
| Baseline coated-platelets (%) | 38.1 (10.4) | 21.3 (9.8) | 28.5 (11.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Baseline WBC, K/mm3 | 8.7 (3.9) | 9.8 (4.3) | 8.1 (4.0) | 0.70 |
| Baseline platelet count, K/mm3 | 264.9 (159.9) | 273.2 (85.9) | 253.6 (83.8) | 0.90 |
| Baseline MPV, fl | 9.9 (1.0) | 10.5 (0.7) | 10.1 (0.9) | 0.07 |
| Selected medications, n (%) | ||||
| Aspirin | 12 (60) | 8 (36) | 5 (45) | 0.34 |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.99 |
| SSRIs | 5 (25) | 6 (27) | 4 (36) | 0.92 |
| Statins | 8 (40) | 10 (45) | 7 (64) | 0.64 |
| Remdesivir | –- | 15 (68) | 11 (100) | 0.22 |
| Convalescent plasma | –- | 8 (36) | 7 (64) | 0.26 |
| Dexamethasone | –- | 18 (82) | 11 (100) | 0.99 |
| Presentation symptoms, n (%) | 0.10 | |||
| Upper respiratory infection | 0 (0) | 3 (13) | 1 (9) | |
| Pneumonia | 1 (5) | 18 (82) | 8 (73) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (20) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Bacterial infection | 7 (35) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Orthopedic surgical | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | 2 (18) | |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 3 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | |
Data summarized using mean and standard deviation (SD) or count (%)
WBC white blood cell count; MPV mean platelet volume
*P values reported reflect comparisons between groups of patients using ANOVA or Chi-squared/Fisher’s exact test