Table 3.
Change from baseline for primary and secondary outcomes for veterans assigned to mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) or to present‐centered group therapy (PCGT) a
| Week 3 | Week 6 | Between‐group differences | Week 16 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scale | M | SD | M | SD | p b | d | M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | p b |
| CAPS‐IV (total score) | .53 | −.26 | −6.4 | 24.8 | −14.78, 1.97 | .97 | ||||||
| MBSR | −12.9 | 19.9 | −13.6 | 24.8 | −18.3 | 30.6 | ||||||
| PCGT | −9.3 | 17.9 | −17.3 | 21.2 | −18.2 | 25.1 | ||||||
| CAPS‐B (re‐experiencing) | .81 | −.16 | −1.5 | 9.6 | −4.75, 1.71 | .92 | ||||||
| MBSR | −4.2 | 8.4 | −3.6 | 8.8 | −6.2 | 10.9 | ||||||
| PCGT | −4.6 | 7.6 | −6.6 | 8.1 | −6.4 | 9.2 | ||||||
| CAPS‐C (avoidance and emotional numbing) | .42 | .17 | −2.0 | 11.6 | −5.90, 1.95 | .98 | ||||||
| MBSR | −5.2 | 9.2 | −6.1 | 11.7 | −7.5 | 18.9 | ||||||
| PCGT | −3.1 | 9.3 | −7.1 | 10.8 | −7.5 | 11.3 | ||||||
| CAPS‐D (hyperarousal) | .35 | −.36 | −2.9 | 8.4 | −5.74,. 08 | .85 | ||||||
| MBSR | −8.5 | 7.3 | −3.9 | 8.8 | −4.6 | 9.1 | ||||||
| PCGT | −1.6 | 7.1 | −3.5 | 6.9 | −4.3 | 8.8 | ||||||
| PTSD Checklist (self‐report) | .57 | −.14 | −1.1 | 13.8 | −6.71, 2.9 | .68 | ||||||
| MBSR | −4.3 | 12.0 | −6.3 | 13.3 | −6.6 | 14.4 | ||||||
| PCGT | −2.8 | 9.5 | −6.7 | 11.5 | −5.5 | 15.7 | ||||||
| FFMQ (self‐report) | .40 | .21 | 3.1 | 14.8 | −1.86, 8.11 | .25 | ||||||
| MBSR | 1.9 | 12.2 | 3.9 | 14.6 | 6.3 | 20.5 | ||||||
| PCGT | −1.0 | 10.6 | .5 | 9.9 | 2.6 | 14.9 | ||||||
| PHQ‐9 (self‐report) | .80 | −.25 | −1.5 | 6.5 | −3.71, 0.64 | .81 | ||||||
| MBSR | −1.1 | 5.5 | −2.0 | 5.7 | −3.0 | 7.4 | ||||||
| PCGT | −.9 | 4.7 | −2.5 | 5.9 | −2.6 | 8.0 | ||||||
a
CAPS‐IV, Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV (total score range 0–136, CAPS‐B range 0–40, CAPS‐C range 0–56, CAPS‐D range 0–40; higher score indicates more severe PTSD symptoms); FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (range 39–195; higher score indicates greater mindfulness); PHQ‐9, nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (range 0–27; higher score indicates more severe depression).
b
p values are from the mixed model procedure.