(A) Expression of GHR gene in GHR overexpressing (GHRTg) and control (Ctrl) human lung mesenchymal cells (n = 3 in each group). (B) Organoid culture of GhrLo and GhrHi ATIIs with Ctrl and GHRTg hLF (human lung fibroblasts). (C) CXC chemokine gene (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL6, CXCL8, and CXCL12) expression in GHRTg and Ctrl human lung mesenchymal cells (n = 3 in each group). (D) WNT5A gene expression in GHRTg and Ctrl human lung mesenchymal cells. (E) Bio-Plex Pro Human Chemokine analysis of secreted CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12 levels in supernatants of cultured GHRTg and Ctrl human lung mesenchymal cells (Ctrl, n = 15; GHRTg, n = 13). (F) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of IGF-1 protein secretion in the supernatants of GHRTg and Ctrl human lung mesenchymal cells upon TNF-α and IL-6 stimulation (n = 4 in each group). (G) IL-6 cytokine secretion in supernatants of cultured GHRTg and Ctrl human lung mesenchymal cells (Ctrl, n = 15; GHRTg, n = 13). (H) CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, CXCL16, and IL-6 gene expression in lung tissues of ILD (n = 255) and Ctrl (n = 136) individuals in the LGRC cohort. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (A, D, E, G, and H) and two-way ANOVA (B and F), means ± SEM. ns, not significant.