Table 1.

Conditions That Can Mimic Sepsis

Category	Examples
Cardiac disease	Arrhythmias
	Heart failure
	Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary disease	Acute respiratory distress syndrome
	Aspiration pneumonitis
	Asthma exacerbation
	Bronchiectasis exacerbation
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
	Interstitial lung disease flare
	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
	Pulmonary embolism
Gastrointestinal disease	Acute liver failure
	Bowel obstruction
	Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
	Inflammatory bowel disease
	Mesenteric ischemia
	Pancreatitis
	Volvulus
Central nervous system disease	Autonomic dysfunction
	Seizure
	Stroke/intracranial hemorrhage
Endocrine disease	Adrenal insufficiency
	Diabetic ketoacidosis
	Myxedema coma
	Thyroid storm
Hematologic/ oncologic disease	Antiphospholipid syndrome
	Malignancy
	Hemophagocytic syndrome
	Tumor lysis syndrome
Rheumatologic/ autoimmune disease	Gout
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Still’s disease
	Systemic lupus erythematosus
	Vasculitis
Drugs/toxins	Drug overdose
	Drug/alcohol withdrawal
	Hypersensitivity drug reaction
	Medication toxicity
	Malignant hyperthermia
	Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
	Serotonin syndrome
Other	Allograft rejection (solid organ transplant recipients)
	Anaphylaxis
	Compartment syndrome
	Heat stroke
	Hemorrhage
	Hypovolemia
	Postoperative period
	Severe burns
	Tissue ischemia